Modern India (National Movement ) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Modern India (National Movement ) - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Lord Cornwallis.

Key Points

• During the British raj, Warren Hastings laid the foundation of the Civil Services.
• Charles Cornwallis reformed, modernized and rationalized it. Hence, Charles Cornwallis is known as 'the Father of civil service in India'.
• British General Charles Cornwallis was appointed in February 1786 to serve as both Commander-in-Chief of British India and Governor of the Presidency of Fort William, also known as the Bengal Presidency.
• He had introduced the Covenanted Civil Services and the Uncovenanted Civil Services.
• The Covenanted Civil Services was created out of the Law of the Company.

Additional Information

Important events and Governor-General at that time: 

The correct answer is Acharya Vinoba Bhave.

Key Points

•  Bhudan Movement
  • It is a Non-Violent land distribution movement in which landlords donate one-sixth of the land to the poor or landless.
  • Acharya Vinoba Bhave initiated the Bhudan movement in Pochampalli, Nalgonda Telangana in the 1950s, because communism was at its peak.
  • It brought social transformation and developed equality and unity among people. 
  • It promoted the capitalistic and democratic principle among people.
  • This movement was to take away land from wealthy landowners and give land to landless people. However, this land cannot be sold by landless people.
  • The initial year of this movement was achieved success in northern India, especially in UP and Bihar.
  • It promoted the Gandhian philosophy of trusteeship that all land belongs to God.
• Acharya Vinoba Bhave
  • ​The famous Bhudan Movement was initiated by him.
  • He is considered as the spiritual successor of Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi.
  • He was chosen by Gandhi to be the first individual Satyagrahi in 1940.
  • He was the first Indian to win the international Ramon Magsaysay Award, for Community Leadership.

The correct answer is Ahmednagar Fort.

Key Points

• During the Quit India Movement, Operation Zero Hour was started by the Britishers.
• On 9^th August 1942, all the senior leaders of Congress were arrested.
• Gandhiji was kept in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune, while the other members were kept in the Ahmednagar fort. 
• Jawaharlal Nehru was imprisoned in Ahmednagar Fort.
• At the same time, Congress was declared a non-constitutional body and it was banned.
• A temporary government was formed in Ballia under the leadership of Chittu Pandey.
• The protesters freed the leaders by attacking Ballia Jail on 16th August 1942.

Important Points

• About Quit India Movement:-
  • On 14 July 1942, the Working Committee of the Congress in Wardha passed the resolution of the British Quit India Movement and Tilak Day was celebrated in Prayagraj on 1 August before its public announcement.
  • On 8 August 1942, the All India Congress met at the Gwalia Tank Grounds in Bombay, and the proposal of the Quit India Movement was approved.
  • It was announced that the immediate termination of British rule in India has become extremely necessary for the establishment of freedom and democracy in India.
  • The Quit India movement is also known as the 'August revolution'.
  • The goal of this movement was to end the British Empire from India.

The correct answer is Lord Wellesley.

Key Points

• Fort William College Calcutta (1800):
  • Lord Richard Wellesley established the Fort William College at Calcutta to train British officials. 
  • British Officials were taught Indian languages and the culture of the people of India for better administration over them.

Additional Information

• About Lord Wellesley: (1798-1805)​ 
  • Famous for the Subsidiary Alliance system in 1798.
  • The fourth Anglo Mysore war was fought in which Tipu Sultan died.
  • He enacted the Censorship of Press Act 1799.
  • Fort Williams College in Calcutta was established by him to train Civil Servants.
  • He was also famous as the Bengal Tiger.

The correct answer is Vinobha Bhave.

Key Points

• Bhoodan Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi’s disciple Vinoba Bhave in April 1951.
• It was started from Pochampali in Telangana.
• It is also known as the Bloodless Revolution was a voluntary land reform movement in India.
• Bhoodan ('bhoo' means land; 'Dhan' means donation) it's a moment aimed to stop landlords to acquire more land.
• They did padayatra and asked rich peasants to give 1/6th of their land so as to collect 50 million acres of land, but despite their best efforts, they could only collect 8.7 lakh acres of land, which they distributed among the poor and the landless.

Additional Information

• Central and State governments had provided the necessary assistance to Vinoba Bhave.
• Bhoodan gave way to the Gramdan movement which began in 1952.
• The objective of the Gramdan movement was to persuade landowners and leaseholders in each village to renounce their land rights and all the lands would become the property of a village association for egalitarian redistribution and joint cultivation.  

The correct answer is Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Important Points

• The Lucknow Pact was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at a joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916.
• The Lucknow Pact of 1916 is signed between Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
• As a result of this agreement, The Muslim League leaders agreed to join the Congress movement demanding Indian independence.
• The Lucknow Pact was seen as a beacon of hope to Hindu–Muslim unity.
• Some common demands presented by both parties to the British are:
  1. The number of elected seats on the councils should be increased.
  2. Minorities in the provinces should be protected.
  3. All provinces should be granted autonomy.
  4. Separating the executive from the judiciary.

The correct answer is the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Important Points

• The Salt March or Dandi March was started on 12th March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and reached Dandi on 6th April 1930.
• They covered 240 miles in 24 days.
• Gandhiji violated the salt law by making salt from seawater. 
• It is also known as the Salt Satyagraha or Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Lord Irwin was viceroy during the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Sarojini Naidu was among the leaders who accompanied Mahatma Gandhi during the Dandi March

 Additional Information. Khilafat Movement (1919 AD-1922 AD):

• The Ali Brothers–Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali–launched an anti-British movement in 1919.
• The movement was for the restoration of the Khilafat Movement.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad also led the movement.
• It was supported by Mahatma Gandhi and INC.
• On October 17, 1919, ‘Khilafat Day’ was celebrated

Non-Co-operation Movement:

• The movement was launched formally on 1 August, 1920, by Gandhiji.
• He announced his plan to start Non-Cooperation with the government as a series to the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat Movement.
• The main purpose of non-cooperation was moved by C.R. Das and approved by the Indian National Congress at the Nagpur session in December, 1920.
• The programs of the Non-Cooperation Movement were:
  • Surrender of titles and honorary positions.
  • Resignation of membership from the local bodies.
  • Boycott of elections included under the provisions of the 1919 Act.
  • Boycott of government functions.
  • Boycott of courts, government schools, and colleges.
  • Boycott of foreign goods.
  • Endowment of national schools, colleges, and private panchayat courts.
  • Popularizing swadeshi goods and khadi.​

The Quit India Movement

• Also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.
• It was officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) led by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942.
• The movement gave the slogan Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo’.
• Gandhi ji gave the slogan to the people – ‘Do or die’.
• In line with the Congress ideology, it was supposed to be a peaceful non-violent movement aimed at urging the British to grant India independence.
• The Quit India Resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August 1942 in Bombay. Gandhi ji was named the movement’s leader.

The correct answer is Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Key Points

The correct answer is Subhas Chandra Bose.

Key Points: About Forward BlocK:

• All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) is a Left Wing Nationalist political party founded by Subhas Chandra Bose in West Bengal in 1939.
• Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress (INC) was formed on May 3, 1939, by Subhas Chandra Bose.
• On the formation of this party Netaji said that who all were joining the Forward Bloc, they had to never turn their back to the Britisher's camp and must fill the oath form by cutting their Finger and signing it with their blood in the form.
• All India Conference of Forward Bloc held in Nagpur 1940. 
• The conference passed a resolution titled "All Power to the Indian People", urging militant action for the struggle against the East India Company.

Key Points

• About Subhas Chandra Bose:
  • He was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha.
  • Subhas Chandra Bose was an active leader of the Indian National Congress.
  • After splitting from Congress, he made an Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore in 1943 to fight against the British.
  • In the year 1923, Subhas Chandra Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress.
  • He was also worked as the Editor of the Newspaper 'Forward', founded by Chittaranjan Das (Deshbandhu).

Additional Information

Image of the Forward Bloc:

Notes:

• Subhas Chandra Bose was earned the title of "Netaji" in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj.

The Correct answer is 1906, Calcutta.

• The word swaraj was first used by Dadabhai Naoroji in the congress session held at Calcutta in 1906.

Key Points

• Swarāj means self-governance or "self-rule".
• Swaraj warrants a stateless society.
• Word 'swaraj' was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Dayanand Saraswati.
• Dadabhai Navroji said that he had learnt the word swaraj from the Satyarth Prakash of Dayanand Saraswati.

Additional Information

Important INC Sessions

The correct answer is Civil Disobedience.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was associated with the civil disobedience movement of India.
  • The agreement was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
  • The pact was signed on 5^th March 1931.
  • Arranged before the second round table conference in London.
  • As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji discontinued the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference.
• Proposed conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact are:
  1. Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
  2. Removal of the tax on salt.
  3. Withdrawal of all ordinances imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress issued by the Government of India.
  4. Discontinuation of Salt March.
• Non-Co-operation movement was the first mass political movement led by Gandhiji.
  • Started in 1920.
  • Main goal: The attainment of Swaraj.
• Rowlatt Act was passed on 6^th February 1919.
  • Gandhiji called this act as 'The Black Act'.
  • Lord Chelmsford was the British viceroy during the Rowlatt Act.
• Quit India resolution was passed on 8^th August 1942.
  • The failure of the Crips mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India movement.
  • "Quit India" was the famous slogan raised during this movement.

The correct answer is Bombay.

Important Points

All India Congress Committee (AICC) meeting to ratify the Quit India resolution was held at the Bombay session.

• It was passed by Mahatma Gandhi on 8^th August 1942.
• Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech at the Gowalia tank maidan in Mumbai.
• The All India congress committee is the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress.
• The All India congress committee launched a mass protest demanding the withdrawal of British rule from India in 1942. 
• The immediate cause of the Quit India movement was the failure of the Cripps mission.
• The draft of the Quit India resolution was prepared by Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Aruna Asaf Ali is known as the heroine of the Quit India movement.
• Do or Die is the famous slogan associated with the Quit India movement.

The correct answer is Kesari.

• Kesari was written by Lokmanya Tilak during the Indian National Movement.

Key Points

• Bal Gangadhar Tilak:
  • He launched two newspapers–the Kesari (in Marathi) and the Maratha (in English).
  • He organized Ganpati Festival (1893 AD) and Shivaji Festival (1895 AD).
  • He was deported to Mandalay Jail (Burma) for writing seditious articles.
  • He started the Home Rule League in 1916 AD.
  • He wrote Gita Rahasya.
  • Tilak asserted: ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’.
  • He was awarded the title of Lokmanya.
  • He was called ‘Bal’, Lala Lajpat Rai was called ‘Lal’ and Bipin Chandra Pal was called ‘Pal’.
  • He was a part of the trio of ‘Lal-Bal- Pal’
  • He wrote the books The Arctic Home of Vedas and Gita Rahasya.

Additional Information

• Yugantar Patrika was a Bengali newspaper founded in Calcutta by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Abhinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutt in the year 1906.
• The Bengalee newspaper was founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee.
• Amrita Bazar Patrika was founded by Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh.

The correct answer is 1, 3 and 4.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act 1919 was an act of the British Parliament that sought to increase the participation of Indians in the administration of their country.
• The act was based on the recommendations of a report by Edwin Montagu, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford, India’s Viceroy between 1916 and 1921.
• Hence the constitutional reforms set forth by this act are known as Montagu-Chelmsford reforms or Montford reforms.

Features of the Act:

• It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects.
• The central and provincial legislatures were authorized to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary.
• It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved.
• The reserved subjects, on the other hand, were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as law and order, finance, land revenue, irrigation, etc. Hence Option 3 is correct.
  • All important subjects were kept in the reserved subjects of the Provincial Executive.
• The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as education, health, local government, industry, agriculture, excise, etc.
  • In case of failure of constitutional machinery in the province, the governor could take over the administration of transferred subjects also.
• The Act introduced a diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government.
• It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
  • Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly).
  • The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election.
• It required that three of the six members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council (other than the commander-in-chief) were to be Indian.
• It extended the principle of communal representation by providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans.
• It granted franchises to a limited number of people on the basis of property, tax, or education.
• It created a new office of the High Commissioner for India in London and transferred to him some of the functions hitherto performed by the Secretary of State for India.
• It provided for the establishment of a public service commission. Hence, a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
• It separated, for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
• It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force.

The correct answer is Dadabhai Naoroji.

Important Points

• Dadabhai Naoroji:
  • He was known as the Grand Oldman of India.
  • He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress (INC).
  • He became the President of INC three times i.e in the 1886 Calcutta session, 1893 Lahore session, and 1906 Calcutta session.
  • He was the first Indian Member of Parliament elected to the UK House of Commons.
  • He established the London Indian Society in the year 1865 and the East India Association in the year 1867. 

Additional Information