National movement (1919 - 1939) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for National movement (1919 - 1939) - Download Free PDF

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The Uttar Pradesh government has renamed a landmark freedom movement event as Kakori Train Action while paying tributes to the revolutionaries who were hanged for robbing a train at Kakori to buy weapons in 1925.

The new name was used in official communications to refer to the event, usually described as the ‘Kakori train robbery’ or the ‘Kakori train conspiracy’.

Key Points

Kakori Train Action - Important Highlights

Date and Place 

The robbery occurred on August 9, 1925, at a place called Kakori which is a town about 16 km from Lucknow. 

People Involved 

• It was planned and executed by the prominent members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association [(HSRA), earlier known as Hindustan Republican Association (HRA)] such as Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad, Rajendra Lahiri, Shachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarty, Murari Lal Khanna(Gupta), Banwari Lal, Mukundi Lal Gupta, and Manmathnath Gupta. 
• Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan were the masterminds. 

Objective  

• Acquiring funds for the Hindustan Republican Association from the British Administration.
• Gaining respect and creating a positive image of the association in the eyes of the Indian citizens.

Event 

• The Saharanpur to Lucknow train carrying the money collected from various railway stations was stopped by the revolutionaries and Rs 8000 were looted from the guard cabin.
• A passenger named Ahmed Ali got accidentally killed in the crossfire between the guards and revolutionaries which made it a manslaughter case.
• Ram Prasad Bismil was arrested on 26 Sept 1925 and the case was laid before the sessions court of A Hamilton on 21 May 1926. 

Judgement

• The trial, started on 21 May 1926, was against 28 revolutionary members of the HRA.
• The final verdict on the Kakori conspiracy case came in July 1927. 
• Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri were given the death sentence, whereas Sachindra Bakshi and Shachindra Nath Sanyal were sent to the Cellular Jail of Port Blair.
• Others were given imprisonment of varying lengths and some were let off due to the lack of evidence against them.

The correct answer is Banga Village.

Key Points

• Bhagat Singh was born on 27 September 1907 in Banga, Lyallpur District, Punjab Province, British India (present-day Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan).
  • Death of Bhagat Singh 23 March 1931 (aged 23) Lahore Central Jail, Lahore.

Additional Information

• In December 1928, Bhagat Singh and an associate, Shivaram Rajguru, were both members of a small revolutionary group, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
  • Bhagat Singh was an Indian revolutionary.
  • He participated in a massive symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in prison.
  • Bhagat Singh was convicted of the murder of John Saunders and Channan Singh, and hanged in March 1931, aged 23.

This Act is also known as Morley Minto Reforms Act is NOT correct.

Key Points

• Dyarchy, a system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India.
• The Government of India Act 1919 came into force in 1921. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India.
• Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by Edwin Samuel Montagu (secretary of state for India, 1917–22) and Lord Chelmsford (viceroy of India, 1916–21).
• This Act is also known as the Montagu - Chelmsford Reforms. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• Montagu was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• This Act separates the Central and Provincial subjects. 

Additional Information

• Features of the Act
  • It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects. ...
  • It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved.
  • It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Important Points

• The Muslim League, 1906:
  • Founders: Khwaja Salimullah, Vikar-ul-Mulk, Syed Amir Ali, Syed Nabiullah, Khan Bahadur Ghulam & Mustafa Chowdhury.
  • On 30 December 1906, a conference in the Muhammadan Educational Conference at Dhaka was held.
  • At this conference, a motion was moved to form the AIML.
• The name AIML was proposed by Agha Khan III who was appointed the first President.
  • ​Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• The party’s prominence was in promoting civil rights for Muslims.
• Objectives of the formation of the league:
  • To promote the loyalty of Indian Muslims towards the British government.
  • To protect the political and other rights of the Indian Muslims and to place their needs and aspirations before the Government.
  • To overcome the feeling of hostility among Muslims towards other communities.
• It was the first Muslim political party in India.
• The League's constitution was formed in Karachi in 1907.
• Factors leading to the formation of the Muslim league:
  • British conspiracy: Dividing Indian on a communal basis.
    • Continue separatist attitude in Indian politics.
      • Like: Separate electorates.
  • Educational Backwardness: Muslims were isolated from western and technical education.
  • They thought that the Congress Party only looks after the needs of the Hindus.
    • But, this was a misleading idea since Congress always meant to include every community of the country.
    • It also had many Muslim leaders in the party.
• The Amritsar Session of the League, held in 1908, demanded a separate electorate for the Muslims.
  • President: Syed Ali Imam.

Additional Information

• • Jinnah was in opposition to the League for many years.
  • In 1910, at the Allahabad session of the Congress, Jinnah moved a resolution condemning the system of communal electorates.
  • Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined the league in 1913.
  • An English journal Comrade & an Urdu paper Hamdard was started by Maulana Mohammad Ali to propagate his anti-League views. 

The correct answer is Lord Chelmsford.

• Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place during the term of Viceroy Lord Chelmsford.

Key Points

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13th April 1919 AD)
  • The arrest of Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satyapal on 10th April 1919 AD, under the Rowlatt Act in connection with Satyagraha caused serious unrest in Punjab.
  • A public meeting was held on 13th April 1919 AD in Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.
  • It took place during the term of Viceroy Lord Chelmsford
  • As soon as the meeting started, General Reginald Dyer ordered the indiscriminate heavy firing.
  • As a result, hundreds of men, women, and children were killed and more than 1,200 people wounded.
  • Due to this massacre, R.N. Tagore returned ‘Knighthood’ and Shankaran Nair resigned from the Executive Council of Viceroy.
  • Mahatma Gandhi returned the Kaisar-i-Hind title as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

​ Additional Information

• Lord Irwin was viceroy from 1926 AD-1931 AD.
• Lord Dalhousie served as the Governor-general of India from the year 1848-1856.
• Lord Ripon was viceroy from 1880-84.
• Rowlatt Act (1919)
  • In 1919 a Sedition Committee headed by justice Rowlatt led to the Rowlatt Act.
  • This act authorized the government to imprison any person without trial and conviction by the Court of Law for 2 years.
  • The law also enabled the government to suspend the right of Habeas Corpus which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain.

The correct answer is the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Important Points

• The Salt March or Dandi March was started on 12th March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and reached Dandi on 6th April 1930.
• They covered 240 miles in 24 days.
• Gandhiji violated the salt law by making salt from seawater. 
• It is also known as the Salt Satyagraha or Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Lord Irwin was viceroy during the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Sarojini Naidu was among the leaders who accompanied Mahatma Gandhi during the Dandi March

 Additional Information. Khilafat Movement (1919 AD-1922 AD):

• The Ali Brothers–Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali–launched an anti-British movement in 1919.
• The movement was for the restoration of the Khilafat Movement.
• Maulana Abul Kalam Azad also led the movement.
• It was supported by Mahatma Gandhi and INC.
• On October 17, 1919, ‘Khilafat Day’ was celebrated

Non-Co-operation Movement:

• The movement was launched formally on 1 August, 1920, by Gandhiji.
• He announced his plan to start Non-Cooperation with the government as a series to the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat Movement.
• The main purpose of non-cooperation was moved by C.R. Das and approved by the Indian National Congress at the Nagpur session in December, 1920.
• The programs of the Non-Cooperation Movement were:
  • Surrender of titles and honorary positions.
  • Resignation of membership from the local bodies.
  • Boycott of elections included under the provisions of the 1919 Act.
  • Boycott of government functions.
  • Boycott of courts, government schools, and colleges.
  • Boycott of foreign goods.
  • Endowment of national schools, colleges, and private panchayat courts.
  • Popularizing swadeshi goods and khadi.​

The Quit India Movement

• Also known as the India August Movement or August Kranti.
• It was officially launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) led by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942.
• The movement gave the slogan Quit India’ or ‘Bharat Chodo’.
• Gandhi ji gave the slogan to the people – ‘Do or die’.
• In line with the Congress ideology, it was supposed to be a peaceful non-violent movement aimed at urging the British to grant India independence.
• The Quit India Resolution was passed by the Congress Working Committee on 8 August 1942 in Bombay. Gandhi ji was named the movement’s leader.

The correct answer is Subhas Chandra Bose.

Key Points: About Forward BlocK:

• All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) is a Left Wing Nationalist political party founded by Subhas Chandra Bose in West Bengal in 1939.
• Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress (INC) was formed on May 3, 1939, by Subhas Chandra Bose.
• On the formation of this party Netaji said that who all were joining the Forward Bloc, they had to never turn their back to the Britisher's camp and must fill the oath form by cutting their Finger and signing it with their blood in the form.
• All India Conference of Forward Bloc held in Nagpur 1940. 
• The conference passed a resolution titled "All Power to the Indian People", urging militant action for the struggle against the East India Company.

Key Points

• About Subhas Chandra Bose:
  • He was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha.
  • Subhas Chandra Bose was an active leader of the Indian National Congress.
  • After splitting from Congress, he made an Azad Hind Fauj in Singapore in 1943 to fight against the British.
  • In the year 1923, Subhas Chandra Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress.
  • He was also worked as the Editor of the Newspaper 'Forward', founded by Chittaranjan Das (Deshbandhu).

Additional Information

Image of the Forward Bloc:

Notes:

• Subhas Chandra Bose was earned the title of "Netaji" in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj.

The correct answer is Civil Disobedience.

Key Points

• The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was associated with the civil disobedience movement of India.
  • The agreement was signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin.
  • The pact was signed on 5^th March 1931.
  • Arranged before the second round table conference in London.
  • As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji discontinued the Civil Disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference.
• Proposed conditions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact are:
  1. Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table Conference.
  2. Removal of the tax on salt.
  3. Withdrawal of all ordinances imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress issued by the Government of India.
  4. Discontinuation of Salt March.
• Non-Co-operation movement was the first mass political movement led by Gandhiji.
  • Started in 1920.
  • Main goal: The attainment of Swaraj.
• Rowlatt Act was passed on 6^th February 1919.
  • Gandhiji called this act as 'The Black Act'.
  • Lord Chelmsford was the British viceroy during the Rowlatt Act.
• Quit India resolution was passed on 8^th August 1942.
  • The failure of the Crips mission was the immediate cause of the Quit India movement.
  • "Quit India" was the famous slogan raised during this movement.

The correct answer is 1, 3 and 4.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act 1919 was an act of the British Parliament that sought to increase the participation of Indians in the administration of their country.
• The act was based on the recommendations of a report by Edwin Montagu, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford, India’s Viceroy between 1916 and 1921.
• Hence the constitutional reforms set forth by this act are known as Montagu-Chelmsford reforms or Montford reforms.

Features of the Act:

• It relaxed the central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects.
• The central and provincial legislatures were authorized to make laws on their respective list of subjects. However, the structure of government continued to be centralized and unitary.
• It further divided the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved.
• The reserved subjects, on the other hand, were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as law and order, finance, land revenue, irrigation, etc. Hence Option 3 is correct.
  • All important subjects were kept in the reserved subjects of the Provincial Executive.
• The transferred subjects were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the Legislative Council.
  • It included subjects such as education, health, local government, industry, agriculture, excise, etc.
  • In case of failure of constitutional machinery in the province, the governor could take over the administration of transferred subjects also.
• The Act introduced a diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government.
• It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country.
  • Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly).
  • The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election.
• It required that three of the six members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council (other than the commander-in-chief) were to be Indian.
• It extended the principle of communal representation by providing separate electorates for Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Europeans.
• It granted franchises to a limited number of people on the basis of property, tax, or education.
• It created a new office of the High Commissioner for India in London and transferred to him some of the functions hitherto performed by the Secretary of State for India.
• It provided for the establishment of a public service commission. Hence, a Central Public Service Commission was set up in 1926 for recruiting civil servants.
• It separated, for the first time, provincial budgets from the Central budget and authorized the provincial legislatures to enact their budgets.
• It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its working after ten years of its coming into force.

The correct answer is B. R Ambedkar.

Important Points

• Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar is considered the father of the Indian Constitution.
  • He was born into the Mahar caste.
  • He fought for the rights of the Dalit community.
  • Dr. Ambedkar was the first person from his caste who completed his college education and went to England to become a lawyer.
  • He was the chairman of the drafting committee.
  • The newspaper Mook Nayak was started by Ambedkar in the year 1920.
    • Mooknayak was published with the help of Shahu of Kolhapur
  • He participated in all 3 round table conferences held between 1930 and 1932.
  • He was honored with the  Bharat Ratna(posthumously) in 1990.
  • Notable works of Ambedkar are:
    • Riddles in Hinduism.
    • The Annihilation of Caste.
    • Pakistan or the Partition of India.
    • The Buddha and his Dhamma.
    • The Untouchables.

Additional Information

• Dadabhai Naoroji is the father of Indian economics.
  • The newspaper Rast Goftar was started by Dadabhai Naoroji.
  • The famous book 'poverty and unBritish rule in India' was written by Dadabhai Naoroji.
• Jyotiba Phule is the founder of Satyashodhak Samaj.
• Mahadeo Govind Ranade is the political guru of Gopala Krishna Gokhale.

The correct answer is 1922.Key Points

• Chauri Chaura incident:
  • On 5th February 1922, an angry mob set fire to the police station at Chauri Chaura (Gorakpur district, UP) and 22 policemen were burnt to death.
  • Due to this Gandhiji abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation Movement on 11 February 1922.

•  Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922):
  • Mahatma Gandhi announced his plan to begin Non-Cooperation with the government as a response to the Rowlatt Act, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and the Khilafat movement.
  • Programs:
    • Surrender of titles and honorary position
    • Resignation of membershi
    • Boycott of elections held undep from the local bodies the provisions of the 1919 Act
    • Boycott of government functions
    • Boycott of courts, government schools and colleges
    • Boycott foreign goods
    • Establishment of national schools, colleges and private panchayat courts
    • Popularising Swadeshi goods and Khadi

Additional Information

• Indian Freedom Struggle:

The correct answer is 1924.

Key Points

• Hindustan Republican Association was a revolutionary organization formed in 1924.
• It was formed by Ram Prasad Bismil and Sachindra Nath Sanyal.
• The main leaders of the Hindustan Republican Association are Chandra Shekar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh, Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri.
• The constitution for the Hindustan Republican Association was drafted in 1923 at Allahabad.
• It was the first revolutionary movement at the national level against the British. 
• Kakori conspiracy is associated with the Hindustan Republican Association.
  • The British captured the leaders of the Hindustan Republican Association for involvement in the Kakori Conspiracy.
  • Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaq Ullah Khan, Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri were hanged in 1927.
  • Chandra Shekar Azad shot himself on 27th February 1931.
• Hindustan Republican Association was later renamed as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

The correct answer is the Government of Indian Act 1919.

Important Points

• Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the 1921 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms. The Government of India Act 1919 was based on the recommendations of a report by Edwin Montagu, the then Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford.

Important features of this Act -

• The act promotes Indians came in direct contact with the administration for the first time. By adding Indian to the Governor-General’s Executive Council which was responsible to the Parliament.
• Government of India Act, 1919 set up a dyarchy in Provinces. Provincial subjects were divided into two parts - (a) reserved subjects and (b) transferred subjects.
• The Governor governed the reserved subjects with the advice of his Executive Council and the transferred subjects with the advice of the Indian Ministers.
• The franchise was increased and the communal electoral system was further expanded.
• Women were also given the right to vote.
• Provincial councils are now called Legislative Councils.
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

The correct answer is the Lahore ​Congress session, 1929.

Key Points

• Lahore Congress Session:
  • The Indian National Congress (INC), on 19 December 1929, passed the historic "Purna Swaraj resolution" at its Lahore session.
  • A Public Announcement was made on 26 January 1930 a day which the Congress Party selected for the Indians to celebrate as "Independence Day".
  • 26th January 1930 was declared as Purna Swaraj Diwas.
  • Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru presided over the Lahore Congress session. 
  • Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tricolor flag of India. 

Additional Information

the correct answer is Ram Prasad Bismil.

Important Points

• The Hindustan Republican Association was a revolutionary organization formed by Ram Prasad Bismil.
• Hindustan Republican Association was formed to fight against British colonial rule in India and achieves independence for the country through an armed rebellion if necessary.
• It was the first revolutionary movement at the national level against the British. 
• The constitution for the Hindustan Republican Association was drafted in 1923 at Allahabad.
• Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee were other prominent members of the party.
• Kakori Train Action Day is associated with the Hindustan Republican Association.
• Hindustan Republican Association was later renamed as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

Additional Information

• Ram Prasad Bismil was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Mainpuri Conspiracy and the Kakori Conspiracy.
  • He was hanged by the British on 19 December 1927.
• Jatindranath Mukherjee was the principal leader of the Jugantar party(central association of revolutionary independence activists in Bengal).
• Surya Sen was a Bengali revolutionary who was best known for leading the 1930 Chittagong armoury raid.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was an Indian independence activist who was best known for his peaceful protest march against the all-British Simon Commission.
  • He is popularly known as Punjab Kesari.