A child's development affects by-

Child development is a complex and continuous process influenced by multiple interacting factors. Understanding these influences is essential for parents, teachers, and caregivers to support healthy growth.

 Key Points

• A child's development is affected by both heredity and environment.
• Heredity refers to the genetic makeup inherited from parents, which determines characteristics such as height, eye color, intelligence potential, and temperament.
• On the other hand, environment includes the physical, social, cultural, and emotional surroundings that influence how these traits are expressed and developed.
• For example, a child may inherit high intellectual potential (heredity), but whether it flourishes depends on access to good education, nutrition, emotional support, and stimulation (environment). 

Hint

• Only culture is a part of the environment and cannot alone determine development.
• Only heredity ignores the crucial role of external influences on growth.
• Only environment overlooks innate capacities and genetic predispositions that also drive development.

Hence, the correct answer is both heredity and environment.