At what carbon content and temperature does the eutectoid reaction occur in the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, transforming austenite into pearlite? 

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  1. 0.8% Carbon at around 723°C  
  2. 2.1% Carbon at around 1147°C 
  3. 0.4% Carbon at around 912°C 
  4. 4.3% Carbon at around 1538°C 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : 0.8% Carbon at around 723°C  
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Detailed Solution

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Explanation:

Three important transformations of the ironcarbon equilibrium diagram

Eutectoid Reaction

  • At temperature 723° C and carbon composition 0.8%
  • Austenite (γ ) (S) ⇄ Ferrite (αiron) (S) + Carbide (Fe3C) (S)
  • One solid converted into two solids.

Eutectic reaction

  • At temperature 1130° C and carbon composition 4.3%.
  • Liquid Iron (L) ⇄ Austenite (S) + Cementite (S)
  • One liquid converts into two solids.

Peritectic reaction

  • At temperature 1498°C and carbon composition 0.09%
  • δ –iron (S) + Liquid iron (L) ⇄  Austenite (S)
  • One liquid and one solid converts into another solid.

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