Darcy's law of permeability is typically applied under which of the following conditions for accurate results?

Explanation:

Darcy's Law of Permeability

Darcy's law is a fundamental equation that describes the flow of fluid through a porous medium. It is typically applicable under specific conditions to ensure accurate results. These conditions are:

• Laminar Flow through the medium.

• Isotropic Porous Medium, meaning the properties of the medium are uniform in all directions.

• Newtonian Fluid, where the viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied shear stress.

Analyzing the Given Options

1. "Laminar flow through isotropic porous medium." (Correct Condition)

   • This option describes the ideal conditions for Darcy's law to be accurately applied.

2. "High-velocity flow in heterogeneous media." (Incorrect Condition)

   • Darcy's law does not apply to high-velocity flow as it assumes laminar flow.

   • Heterogeneous media do not meet the isotropic condition required by Darcy's law.

3. "Turbulent flow conditions in the aquifer." (Incorrect Condition)

   • Darcy's law is valid for laminar flow conditions, not turbulent flow.

4. "When the fluid is non-Newtonian in nature." (Incorrect Condition)

   • Darcy's law assumes the fluid is Newtonian, meaning its viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied shear stress.