The Fermi level position ________ in the energy band diagram of a p-n junction at equilibrium states.

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  1. does not exist
  2. is constant for electrons to cross the junction
  3. is uphill for electrons to cross the junction
  4. is downhill for electrons to cross the junction

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : is constant for electrons to cross the junction
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Detailed Solution

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Fermi Level in a p-n Junction at Equilibrium:

  • In a p-n junction at equilibrium, the Fermi level represents the energy level at which the probability of finding an electron is 50%.
  • At equilibrium, the Fermi level is constant throughout the entire structure, meaning it is aligned across both the p-type and n-type regions.
  • This alignment ensures that there is no net flow of charge carriers across the junction, maintaining equilibrium.
  • The energy band diagram of a p-n junction at equilibrium shows the conduction band and valence band bending near the junction, but the Fermi level remains flat and constant.

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