Which of the following is an example of a heavy metal that the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) researchers aimed to reduce in groundwater with their nanomaterial - based solution in September 2024?

The Correct answer is Chromium.

Key Points

• Chromium is a heavy metal often found in groundwater due to industrial waste contamination.
• The researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) developed a nanomaterial-based solution to reduce the concentration of chromium in groundwater.
• Chromium contamination, especially in the form of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), is highly toxic and poses severe risks to human health, including cancer, respiratory issues, and skin irritations.
• The IISc team focused on creating a solution that uses advanced nanotechnology for effective remediation of polluted water resources.
• Nanomaterials provide a high surface area and enhanced reactivity, making them ideal for removing heavy metals like chromium from water.
• Efforts to reduce chromium contamination align with India's broader goals of improving environmental sustainability and ensuring safe drinking water for all citizens.
• This development highlights the role of scientific innovation in tackling environmental challenges in India.

 Additional Information

• Calcium
  • Calcium is an essential mineral found naturally in groundwater and is not classified as a heavy metal.
  • It plays a vital role in bone health and metabolic functions in the human body.
  • Excess calcium in water may lead to hard water issues but is not considered toxic like chromium.
• Potassium
  • Potassium is a naturally occurring element and an essential nutrient for human health.
  • It is widely used in agriculture as a component of fertilizers.
  • Unlike heavy metals, potassium does not pose significant environmental or health risks unless present in extremely high concentrations.
• Sodium
  • Sodium is commonly found in groundwater and is a part of salts like sodium chloride (table salt).
  • It is crucial for maintaining fluid balance and nerve function in the human body.
  • Excess sodium in water can lead to salinity issues, but it is not categorized as a heavy metal.