In which organism did Gregor. J Mendel conduct the experiment to explain principles of inheritance?

The correct answer is Option 2

Key Points

Mendel's Experiments on Inheritance:

• Garden Pea (Pisum sativum):
  • Gregor J. Mendel conducted his groundbreaking experiments on inheritance using the garden pea plant.
  • He chose this plant because it has easily observable traits, such as flower color and seed shape, and it can be easily cross-pollinated.
• Principles of Inheritance:
  • Through his experiments with garden peas, Mendel formulated the foundational principles of inheritance, now known as Mendel's Laws.
• These include the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment, which explain how traits are passed from one generation to the next.
• Reasons for Choosing Garden Pea:
  • Mendel selected the garden pea because it has several distinct, heritable traits, a short generation time, and it can be both self-pollinated and cross-pollinated, making it ideal for controlled breeding experiments.
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Impact on Genetics:
  • Mendel's work laid the foundation for modern genetics, providing the first scientific explanation for how traits are inherited.
  • His discoveries were not widely recognized until the early 20th century, long after his original experiments were conducted.