The magnitude of hydraulic hammer effect in a pipe depends on

Explanation:

Hydraulic hammer:

• It is also known as a Water hammer or Hammer blow.
• Water hammer is developed in a Penstock or pipe.
• When the water flowing in a long pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing the valve or by any similar cause, there will be a sudden rise in pressure due to the momentum of the moving water being destroyed. This causes a wave of high pressure to be transmitted along the pipe which creates noise known as knocking. This phenomenon of the sudden rise in pressure in the pipe is known as water hammer or hammer blow.

The strength of a hydraulic hammer in a pipe depends on the following parameters:

• Length of pipe
• The flow rate or flow speed
• The speed at which the valve is closed
• Elastic properties of the pipe material

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