Which of the following Acts was provided for the establishment of a federal court in India?

The correct answer is The Government of India Act of 1935.

Key Points

• The Government of India Act of 1935 was a landmark legislation introduced by the British Parliament.
• This Act provided for the establishment of a Federal Court in India, which began functioning in 1937.
• The Federal Court was established to resolve disputes between the central government and the provincial governments and to hear appeals from High Courts.
• The Federal Court served as a precursor to the Supreme Court of India, which was established post-independence in 1950.
• It had original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction, bringing a new judicial structure to India.
• The Act also proposed the creation of an All-India Federation consisting of British Indian provinces and princely states.
• This legislation introduced significant reforms, including the introduction of provincial autonomy and the separation of powers between the executive and the judiciary.

Additional Information

• The Regulating Act of 1773
  • The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first attempt by the British Parliament to regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India.
  • It established a Governor-General of Bengal and a Supreme Court in Calcutta but did not provide for a Federal Court.
  • Its main aim was to curb corruption and mismanagement within the East India Company.
• The Indian Councils Act of 1909
  • Also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, this Act introduced reforms in the legislative councils.
  • It allowed for the inclusion of Indians in legislative councils but did not address the judiciary or provide for a Federal Court.
  • This Act aimed to increase Indian representation in governance rather than judicial reforms.
• The Government of India Act of 1919
  • This Act, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced the concept of dyarchy in provincial governments.
  • It focused more on administrative reforms and provincial autonomy and did not provide for the establishment of a Federal Court.
  • Its primary objective was to prepare Indians for gradual self-governance.