Which of the following is\are the major component(s) used in language and literacy instruction?

There are four major components in language and literacy instruction - oral language, word recognition, reading, and writing. While activities for the four blocks may be implemented in an integrated manner, it is important that children spend time working on each of the blocks on a regular basis.  

Key Points The four-block model comprises:

• Oral language development:- Strategies for this can include storytelling and discussion, conversation on pictures and themes, opportunities for children to talk and share their experiences through free and guided conversations, and role-play activities.
• Word recognition:- These include print awareness and phonological awareness (considered as foundational skills before the teaching of decoding), decoding, writing letters, and words correctly.
• Reading:- Reading involves read-aloud, shared reading, guided reading, and independent reading.
• Writing:- Writing includes modeled writing, shared writing, guided writing, and independent writing.

Thus, it is concluded that Oral language development is the major component used in language and literacy instruction.