Which one of the following is correct in n-p-n transistor ?

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UPSC ESE 2021 Official Paper 1
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  1. Collector and emitter terminals can be exchanged
  2. Collector is heavily doped, base width is small and emitter area is large
  3. Emitter, base and collector regions are equally doped
  4. Emitter is heavily doped, base width is small and collector area is large

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Emitter is heavily doped, base width is small and collector area is large
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Detailed Solution

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CONCEPT:

Transistor:

  • A junction transistor is formed by sandwiching a thin layer of P-type semiconductor between two N-type semiconductors or by sandwiching a thin layer of n-type semiconductor between two P-type semiconductors.
  • NPN transistor: It is formed by sandwiching a thin layer of P-type semiconductor between two N-type semiconductors
    F1 P.Y Madhu 13.04.20 D7
  • PNP transistor: It is formed by sandwiching a thin layer of N-type semiconductor between two P-type semiconductors.
    F1 P.Y Madhu 13.04.20 D8

Transistor consists of three main regions i.e. Emitter, Base, and Collector.

Emitter (E):

  • It provides majority charge carriers by which current flows in the transistor.
  • Therefore the emitter semiconductor is heavily doped.

Base (B):

  • The based region is thin and lightly doped.
  • It provides proper interaction between emitter and collector

Collector (C):

  • The size of the collector region is larger than the two other regions and it is moderately doped.
  • The main purpose of the collector is to collect majority charge carriers from the emitter. 
  • From above it is clear that in transistors, the emitter is highly doped and the base is feebly doped.
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