Question
Download Solution PDFWho was made the first viceroy of India through the Government of India Act 1858?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is Lord Canning.
Key Points
- Lord Canning was appointed as the first Viceroy of India in 1858 under the Government of India Act 1858, which marked the transfer of administration from the East India Company to the British Crown.
- The Government of India Act 1858 was enacted following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence.
- Lord Canning served as the Governor-General of India from 1856 to 1858 and continued as the first Viceroy from 1858 to 1862.
- The role of the Viceroy was to act as the direct representative of the British Monarch in India, overseeing governance and administration.
- Lord Canning is also remembered for introducing the Indian Penal Code and initiating the policy of creating universities in India.
Additional Information
- Government of India Act 1858:
- This act abolished the East India Company's rule and transferred administrative powers to the British Crown.
- The office of the Governor-General of India was replaced by the Viceroy of India, who was appointed by the British government.
- A Secretary of State for India was created in London to oversee Indian affairs.
- Indian Rebellion of 1857:
- The rebellion was a major uprising against the East India Company's rule, triggered by various socio-political, economic, and military grievances.
- It led to significant changes in the governance of India, including the enactment of the Government of India Act 1858.
- Lord Canning's Contributions:
- He introduced the "Doctrine of Lapse" policy reversal and sought to restore princely states' powers.
- He established the universities of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1857.
- He introduced the Indian Penal Code, which came into effect in 1860.
- Post of Viceroy of India:
- The Viceroy acted as the British Crown's representative in India from 1858 to 1947.
- This role combined ceremonial and administrative duties, ensuring British control over Indian governance.
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