Modern India (Pre-Congress Phase) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Modern India (Pre-Congress Phase) - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is 1936.

Key Points​

• The All India Kisan Sabha was formed in 1936 at Lucknow.
• All India Kisan Sabha is also known as ‘Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Sabha.’
• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the President of the Sabha.
• The secretary of All India Kisan Sabha was NG Ranga.
• The motives of the All India Kisan Sabha were:
  • To abolish the Zamindari system,
  • To reduce land revenue,
  • To institutionalize credit.

Additional Information

• The Kisan Sabha movement was started in Bihar under the leadership of Sahajanand Saraswati.
• It was formed in 1929 by the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) in order to mobilize peasants and vocalize their grievances against the zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights and thus sparking the farmers' movements in India.
• Gradually the peasant movement intensified and spread across the rest of India.
• The formation of the Congress Socialist Party (CSP) in 1934 helped the Communists to work together with the INC, however temporarily, then in April 1935, noted peasant leaders N. G. Ranga and E. M. S. Namboodiripad, then secretary and joint secretary respectively of South Indian Federation of Peasants and Agricultural Labour suggested the formation of an all-India farmers body.
• Soon all these radical developments culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress on 11 April 1936 with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati elected as its first President.
• It involved people such as Ranga, Namboodiripad, Karyanand Sharma, Yamuna Karjee, Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma, Rahul Sankrityayan, P. Sundarayya, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and Bankim Mukherjee.
• The Kisan Manifesto released in August 1936, demanded the abolition of the zamindari system and cancellation of rural debts, and in October 1937, it adopted the red flag as its banner.
• Soon, its leaders became increasingly distant from Congress and repeatedly came into confrontation with Congress governments, in Bihar and United Province.

The correct answer is Kanpur.

Important Points

• On 5th June 1857, Nana Saheb was declared as Peshwa of Kanpur.
• The original name of Nana Sahib was Dhondu Pant.
• He was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II.
• He led the revolt of 1857 in Kanpur.
• Tantia Tope was the general of Nana Saheb in the 1857 revolt.
• It is believed that Nana Sahib escaped to Nepal when the rebellion collapsed.

Additional Information

• Rani Lakshmi Bai led the revolt of 1857 in Jhansi and Gwalior.
• Begum Hazrat Mahal led the revolt of 1857 in Lucknow, Agra, and Awadh.
• Maulvi Liaquat Ali led the revolt of 1857 in Allahabad.

The correct answer is: 'Warren Hasting'

Key Points

• Warren Hasting:
  • Warren Hastings served as the first Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785.
  • He is credited with putting an end to the Dual System of Government in Bengal.
  • The Dual System of Government, which was established by Robert Clive, involved the administration being shared between the British East India Company and Indian rulers.
  • Hastings' reforms centralized power and administration under British control, thereby ending the Dual System.

Other Options

• Verelst:
  • Harry Verelst was the Governor of Bengal from 1767 to 1769.
  • He succeeded Robert Clive but did not make significant changes to the Dual System of Government.
• Vansittart:
  • Henry Vansittart served as the Governor of Bengal from 1760 to 1764.
  • During his tenure, the Dual System of Government was in place, but he did not abolish it.
• Lord Clive:
  • Robert Clive, also known as Lord Clive, was a key figure in establishing British control in India.
  • He introduced the Dual System of Government in Bengal after the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
  • Clive's system divided administrative control between the British and Indian rulers, leading to corruption and inefficiency.

Hence, Warren Hastings is the correct answer as he ended the Dual System of Government in Bengal.

Additional Information

• Dual System of Government:
  • The Dual System of Government was introduced by Robert Clive following the Battle of Plassey in 1757.
  • Under this system, the British East India Company controlled the army, the revenue collection, and the judiciary, while the Indian rulers retained control over the administration.
  • This system led to administrative inefficiency and rampant corruption, prompting the need for reforms.
• Warren Hastings' Reforms:
  • Warren Hastings implemented several administrative and judicial reforms that centralized power and improved governance.
  • He introduced the concept of Diwani (revenue collection rights) being directly managed by the British, thereby ending the Dual System.
  • Hastings' tenure is noted for significant legal and administrative changes that laid the foundation for British governance in India.

The correct answer is 1797 A.D.

Key Points

• In 1797 A.D., the British established authority over the fort of Prayagraj (U.P.).
• This place became the cantonment of British troops.
• In 1834 it was made the capital of North-Western province & in 1866, Court was established.
• Allahabad Fort is a fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1583.
• A stone inscription inside the fort describes 1583 as a foundation year.
• The fort stands on the banks of the Yamuna near its confluence with the river Ganges.

The correct answer is Mir Jafar.

Key Points 

• Robert Clive a British officer bribed Mir Jafar who was the commander in chief of Nawab’s army.
  • The bribe was to make Mir Jafar the Nawab of Bengal.
  • Clive’s goal was to conquer Bengal in order to get the money and resources required for imperialism.
  • In this process, Clive betrayed Mir Jafar during the Battle of Plassey and did not make him the Nawab but in turn, conquered Bengal and made Mir Jafar a traitor who betrayed their country in the eyes of the Indians.
  • After the Battle of Plassey,  Mir Jafar was made Nawab of the Bengal.
  • In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, Nawab Mir Jafar conferred the 24 Paraganas of Bengal to the British and also the Jangli mahals (small administrative units), as a result, he was propped up as the Puppet Nawab.

Additional Information

• Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor at the time of the Battle of Plassey.
  • Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor of India from 3 June 1754 to 29 November 1759.
  • He was the son of Jahandar Shah. 
  • The Battle of Plassey was fought between Siraj-Ud-Daulah who was then the Bengal Nawab and East India Company forces headed by Robert Clive.
  • The Battle of Plassey took place when Nawab of Bengal Siraj-Ud-Daulah did not like the uncontrolled use of privileges by the East India Company’s officials.
  • Also, the workers of the company stopped paying taxes which became one of the reasons for the Battle of Plassey.​

• Siraj-ud-Daulah:
  • Siraj-ud-Daulah was the last independent Nawab of Bengal who succeeded Alivadi Khan to the throne.
  •  The end of his reign marks the beginning of the company's rule that continued unabated over the next two hundred years.
  • The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company rule over Bengal and later almost all of the Indian subcontinent. 
• Mir Qasim:
  • Mir Qasim was the Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1763.
  • He was installed as Nawab with the support of the British East India Company, replacing Mir Jafar, his father-in-law, who had himself been supported earlier by the East India Company after his role in winning the Battle of Plassey for the British.

The correct answer is Arya Samaj.

Key Points

• Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj.
• Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875.
• He translated the Vedas and wrote three books named Satyartha Prakash, Veda Bhasya Bhumika, and Veda Bhasya.
• He gave the slogan “Go back to Vedas”.
• Dayananda Anglo Vedic (D.A.V) schools were established based on his philosophy and teachings.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Mir Jafar.

Key Points 

• Robert Clive a British officer bribed Mir Jafar who was the commander in chief of Nawab’s army.
  • The bribe was to make Mir Jafar the Nawab of Bengal.
  • Clive’s goal was to conquer Bengal in order to get the money and resources required for imperialism.
  • In this process, Clive betrayed Mir Jafar during the Battle of Plassey and did not make him the Nawab but in turn, conquered Bengal and made Mir Jafar a traitor who betrayed their country in the eyes of the Indians.
  • After the Battle of Plassey,  Mir Jafar was made Nawab of the Bengal.
  • In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, Nawab Mir Jafar conferred the 24 Paraganas of Bengal to the British and also the Jangli mahals (small administrative units), as a result, he was propped up as the Puppet Nawab.

Additional Information

• Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor at the time of the Battle of Plassey.
  • Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor of India from 3 June 1754 to 29 November 1759.
  • He was the son of Jahandar Shah. 
  • The Battle of Plassey was fought between Siraj-Ud-Daulah who was then the Bengal Nawab and East India Company forces headed by Robert Clive.
  • The Battle of Plassey took place when Nawab of Bengal Siraj-Ud-Daulah did not like the uncontrolled use of privileges by the East India Company’s officials.
  • Also, the workers of the company stopped paying taxes which became one of the reasons for the Battle of Plassey.​

• Siraj-ud-Daulah:
  • Siraj-ud-Daulah was the last independent Nawab of Bengal who succeeded Alivadi Khan to the throne.
  •  The end of his reign marks the beginning of the company's rule that continued unabated over the next two hundred years.
  • The end of his reign marked the start of British East India Company rule over Bengal and later almost all of the Indian subcontinent. 
• Mir Qasim:
  • Mir Qasim was the Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1763.
  • He was installed as Nawab with the support of the British East India Company, replacing Mir Jafar, his father-in-law, who had himself been supported earlier by the East India Company after his role in winning the Battle of Plassey for the British.

The correct answer is C.

• The leader in Mathura during the 1857 Revolt is Devi Singh.
• Kadam Singh was the leader of Meerut during the 1857 Revolt. Hence option C is not correctly matched.

Additional Information

•  Other Places of Revolt of 1857 and Leaders

The correct answer is Fourth, 1799.

• The Governor-General, Lord Wellesley asked Tipu Sultan to break his ties with the French and enter into the Subsidiary Alliance but he refused to accept it. Thus, the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War started.
• The war ended with the death of Tipu Sultan, who was killed while fighting to save his capital Srirangapatnam.

Important Points 

• First Anglo Mysore war (1766-69):
  • The Treaty of Madras (1769) ended the First Anglo Mysore war.
  • It was signed between British and Hyder Ali of Mysore.
  • Haider Ali defeated the British.
• Second Anglo Mysore war (1780-84):
  • Warren Hastings attacked French port Mahe, which was in Haider Ali's territory.
  • Haider Ali died during the second Anglo Mysore war.
  • The war ended with a treaty of Mangalore.
  • In 1781, Haider Ali was defeated at Porto Novo by Eyrecoot.
  • Haider Ali made an alliance with Marathas and Nizams and attacked British
• Third Anglo Mysore war (1790-92):
  • Marathas and Nizams were with the British and Cornwallis started the war which ended with the defeat of Tippu Sultan.
  • By the treaty of Srirangapatnam, Tippu ceded half of his territory.
• Fourth Anglo Mysore war (1798-99):
  • Lord Wellesley arrived and trying to sign a subsidiary alliance with Indian Kingdoms and was forcing the same on Tippu but he rejected.
  • Tippu had sent ambassadors to Turkey and France which was made as an excuse by Wellesley to attack Tippu.
  • Later he fought bravely and got defeated and killed in 1799.

The correct answer is Lord Canning.

• Lord Canning (1856-62) was the Governor-General of India during the 1857 revolt. 
• Lord Canning served as the Governor-General of India from 1856 to 1862.

Key Points

Lord Canning:

• During his tenure, the Government of India Act, 1858 was passed which created the office of the Viceroy to be held by the same person who was the Governor-General of India.
• Lord Canning also served as the first Viceroy of India.
• The important events during his tenure include:
  • Mutiny of 1857, which he was able to suppress successfully,
  • The passing of the Indian Councils Act, 1861 introduced a portfolio system in India.

Additional Information

• Other important events during Lord Canning:
  • Withdrawal of the “Doctrine of Lapse” was one of the main reasons for the mutiny of 1857. 
  • The introduction of the Code of Criminal Procedure, enactment of the Indian High Courts Act, Indian Penal Code (1858), Bengal Rent Act (1859), the introduction of Income-tax on an experimental basis, etc.
  • Canning passed the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 which was drafted by his predecessor Lord Dalhousie before the rebellion.
  • He also passed the General Service Enlistment Act of 1856.
  • He established the first three modern Universities in India, the University of Calcutta, the University of Madras, and the University of Bombay.

The correct answer is salvation.

Key Points

• Ramakrishna Mission (RKM) is a Hindu religious and spiritual organization that forms the core of a worldwide spiritual movement known as the Ramakrishna Movement or the Vedant
  • The mission is named after and inspired by the Indian saint Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and founded by Ramakrishna's chief disciple Swami Vivekananda on 1st May 1897.
  • The mission bases its work on the principles of karma yoga, the principle of selfless work done with a dedication to God.
  • The Ramakrishna Mission has centered around the world and publishes many important Hindu texts.
  • It is affiliated with the monastic organization. Vivekananda was greatly influenced by his guru (teacher) Ramakrishna.
  • The motto of the mission is - Atmano mokshartham Jagat hitaya cha (For one’s own salvation and for the welfare of the world).

Additional Information

• Swami Vivekananda
  • His original name was Narendranath Dutt.
  • He attended the Parliament of Religions held at Chicago in 1893 AD and published two papers, Prabhudhha Bharat in English and Udbodhana in Bengali.
  • He urged people to inculcate the spirit of liberty, equality and free-thinking.
  • He worked for the emancipation of women.
  • He emerged as a preacher of Neo-Hinduism.
  • He advocated the Doctrine of Service–the service of all human beings.
  • He was considered the spiritual father of the modern nationalist movement.

The correct answer is Lord Dalhousie.

Key Points

• The chief instrument through which Lord Dalhousie implemented his policy of annexation was the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’.
  • Under the Doctrine of Lapse, when the ruler of a protected state died without a natural heir, his/her state was not to pass to an adopted heir as sanctioned by the age-old tradition of the country.
• Lord Dalhousie came to India as the Governor-General in 1848.
• Lord Dalhousie was keen on annexing the kingdom of Avadh.

Important Points

The correct answer is Raja Rammohan Roy.

• Raja Rammohan Roy was the founder of Atmiya Sabha.

Key Points

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy:
  • ​He is known as the ‘Father of Modern India’ or ‘Father of the Bengal Renaissance.
  • He was born on 22 May 1772 in a Brahman family at Radhanagar in Bengal.
  • He was a religious and social reformer.
  • He was widely known for his role in the abolition of the practice of Sati.
  • He was given the title of ‘Raja’ by the titular Mughal Emperor of Delhi, Akbar II.
  • He was a scholar and knew Sanskrit, Persian, Hindi, Bengali, English, and Arabic.
  • In 1814, he founded Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, meaningless rituals, and other social ills.
    • It was an association for the dissemination of the religious truth and the promotion of free discussions of theological subjects.
  • He Formed the Brahmo Sabha in 1828 which later became the Brahmo Samaj.
  • Here, recital and expounding of Hindu scriptures were done. 

Additional Information

• Keshab Chandra Sen was the founder of Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj.
• Debendranath Tagore founded the Tattvabodhini Sabha.
• Raja Radhakant Deb was the founder of British Indian Association.

The correct answer is 1856.

Key Points

• The Hindu widow remarriage act was passed in the year 1856.
  • The act made the remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule legal.
  • The Hindu widow remarriage act was drafted during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie.
  • The act was passed by Lord Canning in 1856.
  • The remarriage of Hindu widows was first legalized by Lord Canning.
  • Hindu widow remarriage act was considered as the first major social reform legislation after the abolition of Sati in 1829.
  • Indian social reformer Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was the most prominent campaigner of the Hindu widow remarriage act

The correct answer is Maulvi Liaquat Ali.

Key Points

• Maulvi Liaquat Ali
• Maulvi Liaquat Ali was a Muslim religious leader from Allahabad (Prayagraj), in the state of Uttar Pradesh in present-day India.
  • He was one of the leaders in the revolt against the British in 1857.
  • This war was also known as the First War of Independence.
• Hence option 1 is correct. 

​Additional Information

• List of Important Leaders associated with the revolt of 1857 - 
  • Delhi
    • ​Bahadur Shah II
    • General Bakht Khan
  • Lucknow
    • ​Begum Hazrat Mahal
    • Birjis Qadir
    • Ahmadullah
  • Kanpur
    • ​Nana Sahib
    • Rao Sahib
    • Tantia Tope
    • Azimullah Khan
  • Jhansi
    • ​Rani Laxmibai
  • Bihar
    • Kunwar Singh
    • Amar Singh
  • Rajasthan
    • ​Jaidayal Singh
    • Hardayal Singh
  • Farrukhabad
    • ​Tufzal Hasan Khan
  • Assam
    • ​Kandapareshwar Singh
    • Maniram Dutta Baruah
  • Orissa
    • ​Surendra Shahi
    • Ujjwal Shahi