Geography (World Geography) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography (World Geography) - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is ​Mars and Jupiter.

Key Points

• Asteroids
  • Apart from the  planets, and satellites, numerous tiny bodies also move around the sun. These bodies are called asteroids.
  • They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
  • Scientists are of the view that asteroids are parts of a planet that exploded many years back.
  • Asteroid Belt is a circumstellar disc in the Solar System.
  • Asteroid Belt is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets.
  • Four largest asteroids
    • Ceres
    • Vesta
    • Pallas
    • Hygiea
  • Ceres, the asteroid belt's only dwarf planet.
  • Asteroids orbit the Sun and are small bodies on the solar system.
  • They are made up of metals and rocks and also consist of organic compounds.
  • They are similar to comets but don’t have a coma-like comet. 
  • Asteroids tend to have shorter and elliptical orbits.
  • Astronomers have discovered millions of asteroids some that measure hundreds of kilometers across and some as small as dust particles.
  • Asteroids have an elliptical orbit.
  • It is made of metals and rocks.
  • Do not produce a coma or tail atmosphere.
  • The orbital period is 1 to 100 years.

The correct answer is Majuli island.

Important Points

• The Guinness Book of World Records has named Majuli as the world's largest river island.
• The beautiful river island is located on the River Brahmaputra in Assam.
• It is formed by the Brahmaputra River in the South, and Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
• The island is populated by the Mising, Deori, and Sonowal Kachri tribes. 
• The people of the island speak the languages of Mising, Assamese, and Deori.
• It is home to about 1,60,000 individuals and is a hub of neo-Vaishnavite Assamese culture. 
• It covers about 880 sq km of land and is one of Assam's popular tourist destinations.
• Majuli suffers from heavy erosion due to the regular flooding of the Brahmaputra river.
• It is estimated that it has lost approximately one-third of its territory in the last 30-40 years due to erosion.  
• It was recently declared a district and was previously a subdivision under the district of Jorhat. 
• It has also been included in the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

Majuli island

• Statement 1: Incorrect – Mantle plumes are not caused by plate tectonics and do not originate at the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary. They are believed to rise from the core–mantle boundary.
• Statement 2: Correct – The Réunion hotspot is associated with the formation of the Deccan Traps around 66 million years ago.
• Statement 3: Correct – Flood basalt volcanism due to mantle plumes can form large igneous provinces (LIPs), covering thousands of square kilometers.
• Statement 4: Correct – Unlike tectonic plates, mantle plumes are relatively fixed in position, which helps identify hotspot tracks like the Hawaiian Islands.

Key Points

• Mantle Plumes: Definition and Characteristics
  • Convection of abnormally hot rock (magma) within the Earth's mantle.
  • Position appears relatively fixed, unlike larger mantle convection cells.
  • Theorized to form at the core-mantle boundary where abnormally hot rock accumulates.
  • Shaped like a mushroom: a long conduit (tail) connects the bulbous head to its base.
  • The head expands as the plume rises.
  • Rises through the Earth's mantle, becoming a diapir (dome-like intrusion) in the upper mantle (lower lithosphere).
• Mantle Plumes and Flood Basalt Volcanism (Large Igneous Provinces)
  • Responsible for extensive accumulations of flood basalts on continents.
  • Mantle plumes are a few hundred kilometers in diameter and rise slowly.
  • When a plume head reaches the base of the lithosphere, it flattens out.
  • This flattening causes widespread decompression melting, forming large volumes of basalt magma.
  • Basaltic magma can then erupt onto the surface through fissures, creating large igneous provinces (LIPs).
  • LIPs often occupy several thousand square kilometers.
• Examples and Impacts of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
  • Examples: Iceland, Siberian Traps, Deccan Traps, Ontong Java Plateau.
  • Extensive regions of basalts on a continental scale, resulting from flood basalt eruptions.
  • Large amounts of volcanic material can cover vast areas with lava and ash.
  • Can cause long-lasting climate change (e.g., triggering a small ice age).
  • The Réunion hotspot produced the Deccan Traps about 66 million years ago, coinciding with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (K-T extinction).
  • While a meteor impact (Chicxulub Crater) was the primary cause of this extinction, volcanic activity may have contributed to environmental stresses.
  • The largest flood basalt event, the Siberian Traps, occurred around 250 million years ago, coinciding with the Permian–Triassic extinction event (the largest mass extinction in history).
• Mantle Plumes and Volcanic Hotspots
  • A mantle plume provides a continuous supply of abnormally hot magma to a fixed location in the mantle, known as a hotspot.
  • The high heat of the hotspot facilitates the melting of rock at the base of the lithosphere.
  • The melted rock (magma), under high pressure, often pushes through cracks in the crust to form hotspot volcanoes (e.g., Mount Mauna Kea).

Submarine Ridge.Key Points

• Mid-Oceanic Ridges or Submarine Ridges
  • A mid-oceanic ridge is composed of two chains of mountains separated by a large depression. [Divergent Boundary]
  • The mountain ranges can have peaks as high as 2,500 m and some even reach above the ocean’s surface.
  • Running for a total length of 75,000 km, these ridges form the largest mountain systems on earth.
  • These ridges are either broad, like a plateau, gently sloping or in the form of steep-sided narrow mountains.
  • These oceanic ridge systems are of tectonic origin and provide evidence in support of the theory of Plate Tectonics.
  • Iceland, a part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is an example.

Key Points

• What is Exfoliation?
  • Exfoliation is a physical weathering process where the outer layers of rocks peel off in thin sheets due to temperature fluctuations or pressure release. This process is commonly referred to as "onion skin" weathering.
• How it Happens:
  • Thermal Stress: Repeated heating and cooling cause rocks to expand and contract. This expansion and contraction create stress in the outer layers, causing fractures and leading to peeling off.
  • Unloading: When erosion removes overlying rock layers, the pressure on the underlying rocks decreases. This reduction in pressure allows the rocks to expand, which results in cracks and peeling.
• The process breaks down rocks without changing their chemical composition.
• It is typically found in regions with moderate to high rainfall and significant temperature fluctuations.
• Exfoliation is most visible in granitic rocks, which have layered structures that are more susceptible to this process.
• Exfoliation domes and tors are important landforms formed as a result of this weathering process

The correct answer is ​France and Germany.

Key Points

• Maginot Line is a Defensive line in France.
• It was constructed in 1930.
• The Maginot Line was an extremely well-developed chain of fortifications for defence against the German attack during the first world war.

Additional Information

The correct answer is The US.

• The Grand Canyon is an example of a valley that is an erosional landform.
  • Erosion - It is the geological process in which earthen materials such as soil or rock are removed and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.
    • Valleys start as small and narrow rills.
    • The rills will gradually develop into long and wide Gullies.
      • A rill means a small stream.

​

• The gullies will further deepen, widen, and lengthen to give rise to valleys.
  • Gully - A small passage formed due to stream.

• Depending upon dimensions and shape, many types of valleys like V-shaped valleys, gorge, canyon, etc. can be recognised.
  • V-shaped valley 

• A canyon is characterised by steep steplike side slopes.
• A canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom. In fact, a canyon is a variant of a gorge.
• Valley types depend upon the type and structure of rocks in which they form.
  • Example - canyons commonly form in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks and gorges form in hard rocks.
• The Grand Canyon :

• Gorge - A narrow valley with steep sides and a river running through it.

The correct answer is Majuli island.

Important Points

• The Guinness Book of World Records has named Majuli as the world's largest river island.
• The beautiful river island is located on the River Brahmaputra in Assam.
• It is formed by the Brahmaputra River in the South, and Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
• The island is populated by the Mising, Deori, and Sonowal Kachri tribes. 
• The people of the island speak the languages of Mising, Assamese, and Deori.
• It is home to about 1,60,000 individuals and is a hub of neo-Vaishnavite Assamese culture. 
• It covers about 880 sq km of land and is one of Assam's popular tourist destinations.
• Majuli suffers from heavy erosion due to the regular flooding of the Brahmaputra river.
• It is estimated that it has lost approximately one-third of its territory in the last 30-40 years due to erosion.  
• It was recently declared a district and was previously a subdivision under the district of Jorhat. 
• It has also been included in the tentative list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

Majuli island

The correct answer is Thermosphere.

Key Points

The atmosphere consists of different layers with varying densities and temperatures. The column of the atmosphere is divided into five different layers depending upon the temperature condition.
They are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

• The troposphere
  • It is the lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere in which all tropical changes take place. It contains about 75% of the total air in the atmosphere.
  • This layer contains dust particles and water vapor.
  • All changes in climate and weather take place in this layer.
  • This is the most important layer for all biological activity.
  • The zone separating the troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.
  • The temperature here is nearly constant, and hence, it is called tropopause.
• The stratosphere
  • It is found above the tropopause and extends up to a height of 50 km.
  • One important feature of the stratosphere is that it contains the ozone layer.
  • This layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation and shields life on the earth from an intense, harmful form of energy.
  • The stratopause caps the top of the stratosphere.
• The mesosphere
  • It lies above the stratosphere, which extends up to a height of 80 km.
  • In this layer, once again, the temperature starts decreasing with the increase in altitude and reaches up to minus 100°C at a height of 80 km.
  • The upper limit of the mesosphere is known as mesopause.
• The thermosphere 
  • It is located between 80 and 400 km above the mesopause.
  • It contains electrically charged particles known as ions, and hence, it is also known as the ionosphere.
  • Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer.
  • It contains Ions and helps in wireless communication
• The temperature here starts increasing with height.
• The exosphere
  • It is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • This is the highest layer but very little is known about it.
  • Whatever contents are there, these are extremely rarefied in this layer, and it gradually merges with outer space.

​

The correct answer is outer core.

Important Points

• The interior of the earth is divided into three parts namely Crust, Mantle, and Core.
• The core is the innermost layer of the earth.
• The radius of the innermost layer(core) is about 3500 km.
• The core is made up of material constituted by nickel and iron.
• The temperature and pressure of the central core are very high.

Key Points

• The core is further subdivided into two layers called the outer core and inner core.
• The outer core of the earth is in a liquid state.
• The inner core is in solid-state
• The outer core is responsible for the earth's magnetic field.

Additional Information

• The crust is the outermost of the earth.
  • It is brittle in nature.
  • it the thinnest layer of Earth.
  • The thickness of the crust varies under the oceanic and continental areas.
• The mantle is the second layer in the interior of the earth.
  • The mantle extends from Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km.
  • The upper portion of the mantle is called the asthenosphere.

The correct answer is thermosphere.

Key Points

• The thermosphere lies above the mesopause and is a region in which temperatures increase with height.
• Thermosphere:
  • In the thermosphere, the temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height.
  • The ionosphere is a part of this layer.
  • It extends between 80-400 km. This layer helps in radio transmission.

Additional Information

• There are a total of five atmospheric layers. These are -
  • Troposphere.
  • Stratosphere.
  • Mesosphere.
  • Thermosphere.
  • Ionosphere: the lowest part of the Thermosphere contains the ionosphere.
  • Exosphere.
• Stratosphere:
  • It lies beyond the troposphere, up to an altitude of 50 km from the earth's surface.
  • The temperature in this layer remains constant for some distance but then rises to reach a level of 0°C at 50 km altitude.
  • This rise is due to the presence of ozone.
  • This layer is almost free from clouds and associated weather phenomena, making conditions most ideal for flying aeroplanes.
• Exosphere:
  • This is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere extending beyond the ionosphere above a height of about 400 km.
  • The air is extremely rarefied and the temperature gradually increases through the layer.
  • Light gases like helium and hydrogen float into space from here.
• Troposphere:
  • It is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
  • The layer starts at Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 km high (5 to 9 miles).
  • The troposphere contains dust particles and water vapour.
  • This is the most important layer of the atmosphere because all kinds of weather changes take place only in this layer.
  • The zone dividing troposphere from the stratosphere is known as the tropopause.

The correct answer is Gibraltar.

Key Points

• Strait of Gibraltar
  • The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain on the European continent from Morocco on the African continent.

​

• Hence option 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• Sunda Strait
  • Sunda Strait, Indonesian Selat Sunda, is a channel, 16–70 miles (26–110 km) wide, between the islands of Java (east) and Sumatra.
  • The Sunda Strait is an important passage connecting the Indian Ocean with eastern Asia.

• Taiwan Strait
  • The Taiwan Strait, also known as the Formosa Strait, is a 180-kilometre-wide strait separating the island of Taiwan and continental Asia.
  • The strait is currently part of the South China Sea and connects to the East China Sea to the north.
  • The narrowest part is 130 km wide.

• Tsushima Strait
  • Tsushima Strait or Eastern Channel is a channel of the Korea Strait, which lies between Korea and Japan, connecting the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, and the East China Sea.

The correct answer is ​Mars and Jupiter.

Key Points

• Asteroids
  • Apart from the  planets, and satellites, numerous tiny bodies also move around the sun. These bodies are called asteroids.
  • They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
  • Scientists are of the view that asteroids are parts of a planet that exploded many years back.
  • Asteroid Belt is a circumstellar disc in the Solar System.
  • Asteroid Belt is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets.
  • Four largest asteroids
    • Ceres
    • Vesta
    • Pallas
    • Hygiea
  • Ceres, the asteroid belt's only dwarf planet.
  • Asteroids orbit the Sun and are small bodies on the solar system.
  • They are made up of metals and rocks and also consist of organic compounds.
  • They are similar to comets but don’t have a coma-like comet. 
  • Asteroids tend to have shorter and elliptical orbits.
  • Astronomers have discovered millions of asteroids some that measure hundreds of kilometers across and some as small as dust particles.
  • Asteroids have an elliptical orbit.
  • It is made of metals and rocks.
  • Do not produce a coma or tail atmosphere.
  • The orbital period is 1 to 100 years.

The correct answer is Venus.

• Venus is made up of thick white and yellowish clouds of sulfuric acid.

Key Points

• Venus:
  • The planet is nearest to the Earth and is also the brightest planet.
  • Venus is known as the “Evening Star” as well as “Morning Star”.
  • Known as the “Veiled Planet”.
  • Also known as the “Earth’s twin”. It also rotates clockwise like Uranus.
  • Venus is the hottest planet (even hotter than Mercury).
  • Venus has no water on it. There is no sufficient oxygen on Venus.

Additional Information Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called terrestrial planets.

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called gaseous planets.
• Uranus is about four times the size of the Earth.
  • This planet appears Greenish in colour because of methane gas present in its atmosphere.
• Neptune is surrounded by methane rings of sub-zero temperature.

The correct answer is 9.

Important Points

• India has a coastline of 7516.6 km.
• ​In India, Nine States have a coastline.
• The states are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal.
• Four Union Territories also have a coastline.
  • Daman & Diu.
  • Puducherry.
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Bay of Bengal)
  • Lakshadweep Islands (Arabian Sea)​ 
• Gujarat has the longest coastline in India and this coastline is surrounded by the Arabian Sea.
• Sagarmala project of GOI is a strategic and customer-oriented initiative to modernize India’s Ports and coastlines to contribute to India’s growth.