अवकल समीकरण x\(\rm \frac {dy}{dx}\) + y = 4x3 + x को हल कीजिए। 

  1. \(\rm x^3 + {x\over2}+{c\over x}\)
  2. \(\rm x^2 + {x\over2}+c\)
  3. \(\rm x^4+ {x^2\over2}+{c}\)
  4. \(\rm x^3 + {x^2\over2}+{c\over x}\)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : \(\rm x^3 + {x\over2}+{c\over x}\)
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संकल्पना:

प्रथम कोटि वाले रैखिक अवकल समीकरण में;

\(\rm {dy\over dx}+Py=Q\),

जहाँ P और Q, x के फलन हैं। 

समाकलन कारक (IF) = e∫ P dx

y × (IF) = ∫ Q(IF) dx

गणना:

x\(\rm \frac {dy}{dx}\) + y = 4x3 + x

⇒ \(\rm \frac{dy}{dx}+{y\over x}=4x^2+1\)

IF = e∫ \(\rm 1\over x\) dx

⇒ IF = eln x

⇒ IF = x                 

(∵ eln x = x)

अब, y × (IF) = ∫ Q (IF) dx

⇒ y × x = ∫ (4x2 + 1) × x dx

⇒ yx = ∫ 4x3 + x  dx

समाकलन करने पर,

⇒ yx = x4 + \(\rm x^2\over 2\)+ c (जहाँ c समाकलन स्थिरांक है।)

⇒ y = \(\boldsymbol{\rm x^3 + {x\over2}+{c\over x}}\)

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