What does the term 'Dumping' refer to?

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  1. The sale of a sub-standard commodity
  2. Sale in a foreign market of a commodity at a price below marginal cost
  3. Sale in a foreign market of a commodity just at a marginal cost with too much profit
  4. Smuggling of goods without paying any customs duty

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Sale in a foreign market of a commodity at a price below marginal cost
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'Dumping' refers to the sale in a foreign market of a commodity at a price below marginal cost.
In economics, "dumping" is a kind of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade. It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged in its home market or below its cost of production.
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