Which of the following electrical quantities is represented by ‘σ(sigma)’?

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PGCIL DT Electrical 12 March 2022 (NR II) Official Paper
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  1. Conductance 
  2. Conductivity 
  3. Resistance 
  4. Resistivity

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Conductivity 
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is option 2):(Conductivity )

Concept:

Conductivity:

  • Conductivity is the measure of the ease at which an electric charge or heat can pass through a material
  • The material which has high conductivity is called conductor and which has very low conductivity is called non-conductor
  • Metal has high conductivity and non-metal has very low conductivity
  • Electrical conductivity is also known as specific conductance
  • It is denoted by the symbol σ and has SI units of Siemens per meter (S/m) or Ω-1m-1 or mho/m

Additional Information

  • Conductance is an expression of the ease with which electric current flows through materials like metals and nonmetals. In equations, an uppercase letter G symbolizes conductance. The standard unit of conductance is siemens (S), formerly known as mho.
  • Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω). 
  • Electrical resistivity is a fundamental property of a material that measures how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. Resistivity is commonly represented by the Greek letter ρ. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-meter.
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