Which one of the following dimensions is not included in Human Development Index ?

The correct answer is  Mortality rate.

Key Points

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, education, and standard of living.
• The health dimension is measured by Life Expectancy at birth, which indicates the average number of years a newborn is expected to live assuming that current mortality rates continue to apply.
• The education dimension is assessed using two indicators: Mean years of schooling, which reflects the average number of years of education received by people aged 25 and older, and Expected years of schooling, which estimates the total number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive.
• The standard of living dimension is measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, which reflects the average income of a country's citizens.
• The Mortality rate is not included in the HDI. While it is an important indicator of health, it is not directly used in the calculation of HDI. The focus is instead on life expectancy to provide a more comprehensive measure of health and longevity.

Additional Information

• The Human Development Index (HDI) was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its Human Development Report (HDR) in 1990.
• The HDI aims to shift the focus of development economics from national income accounting to people-centered policies. It emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone.
• The three dimensions of HDI are calculated as follows:
  • Life Expectancy Index: (Life Expectancy at birth - Minimum value) / (Maximum value - Minimum value)
  • Education Index: (Mean years of schooling index + Expected years of schooling index) / 2
  • Income Index: (ln(GNI per capita) - ln(Minimum value)) / (ln(Maximum value) - ln(Minimum value))
• The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.
• Countries are classified into four tiers of human development based on their HDI scores: Very High Human Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development, and Low Human Development.
• The HDI has been widely used by policymakers and researchers to compare the level of human development across countries and to assess the impact of economic policies on people's well-being.