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Article 135 of Indian Constitution - Detailed Analysis

Last Updated on Apr 03, 2025
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Overview

Name of the Article

Article 135 - Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court

Part of the Constitutional Article

Part V

Article 135 of Indian Constitution is an important provision under Part V which governs the functioning of the Union. Article 135 of Indian Constitution outlines the jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court. It empowers the Supreme Court to serve as the protector of the Constitution and the ultimate authority in matters of justice in India.

Interpretation of Article 135 of Indian Constitution

Article 135 of the Constitution states -“Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of article 133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation to that matter were exercisable by the Federal Court immediately before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.”

The Supreme Court under Article 135 of Indian Constitution inherits the jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court in matters not specifically addressed by Article 133 or Article 134 of the Constitution. Historically, the Federal Court served as the highest judicial authority in British India prior to the establishment of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, to ensure continuity, continues to exercise the jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court in applicable cases until Parliament determines otherwise. The framework provides a smooth transition from the colonial judicial system to the independent judiciary. It enabled the Supreme Court to address a broader range of issues.

Conclusion

Article 135 of Indian Constitution is instrumental in defining the jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court. It ensures it inherits the authority and functions of the Federal Court. This provision upholds continuity within the Indian judicial framework. The extensive powers of the Supreme Court enables it to uphold the rule of law, safeguard fundamental rights and deliver justice.

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FAQs about Article 135 of Indian Constitution

Article 135 defines the jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court over matters not covered under Articles 133 and 134 if such jurisdiction and powers were exercisable by the Federal Court before the commencement of the Constitution.

The Federal Court which served as the highest judicial authority in British India transferred its jurisdiction and powers to the Supreme Court in relevant cases.

Article 135 enables the Supreme Court to inherit the authority of the Federal Court.

Article 135 is mentioned under Part V of the Constitution of India.
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