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Cybercrime - International Technology Laws Notes for UPSC!

Last Updated on Dec 21, 2023
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Cybercrime is a crime that involves computers and network devices. Computers can be used to commit crimes and are often targets. Cybercrime threatens the security and financial health of any individual or country.

All these concepts of Cybercrime are important for UPSC Civil services, State civil services, etc. In order to understand the topic in detail, Testbook prepares the best quality notes for civil service aspirants. In this article, we will cover Cybercrime in detail and important highlights.Study major topics of General Studies 3 from the perspective of UPSC Exams.

History of Cybercrime

In 1981, Ian Murphy, also known as Captain Zap, was the first person to be convicted of Cybercrime. He has hacked into the American Telephone company’s internal clock in order to allow users to make free calls during peak hours.

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What is Cybercrime? 

Cybercrime, additionally referred to as Computer crime, uses a computer and similar electronic devices for unlawful activities. Committing Fraud, Trafficking in Child Pornography, Misusing Intellectual Property Rights, Stealing Identities, and Invading privacy are some examples of Cybercrimes. Cybercrime, specifically through the internet, has grown in importance because the computer has become a central point for businesses, entertainment, and government agencies.

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Reasons behind Cybercrime
  • To hack websites in order to spread messages for a socio-political purpose.
  • To attack the nation’s important assets.
  • To make money by hacking into banks and financial institutions.
  • To gain access to business data servers to obtain critical information.
  • To gain access to scientific research and military data servers in order to obtain plans and intelligence.

Types of Cybercrime

The following types of Cybercrime are protected under the IT act 2000 –

  • Identity Roberry – Identity robbery is described because the robbery of employees statistics of a man or woman to avail economic offerings or thieve the economic belongings themselves.
  • Defamation – While each man or woman has his or her proper speech on internet systems as well, however, if their statement goes a line and damages the recognition of any man or woman or company, then they may be charged with the Defamation Law.
  • Harassment or Stalking – Harassment or Stalking is restricted over the internet systems. Cyber legal guidelines shield the sufferers and prosecute the culprit opposition to this offense.
  • Freedom of Speech – When it involves the internet, there may be a completely skinny line between freedom of speech and being a Cyber – Culprit. As freedom of speech allows people to talk their minds, cyber regulation refrains obscenity and crassness over the internet.
  • Hacking – Access to statistics via fraudulent or unethical ways is referred to as hacking. This is the maximum not unusual place of Cybercrime regarded to the overall public.
  • Trade Secrets – Internet companies spend a whole lot of their money and time on growing software, applications, and gear and depend upon Cyber Laws to shield their facts and alternate secrets and techniques in opposition to robbery; doing that is a punishable offense.
  • Cyberbullying – Cyberbullying is one form of Cybercrime that acts of intimidation, harassment, defaming, or every other shape of intellectual degradation via the usage of digital modes which include all social media.
  • Cyberterrorism – Cyberterrorism is devoted to the reason of inflicting grievous damage or extortion of any type subjected in the direction of a person, agencies of people, or any government.
  • Phishing – the deceptive technique of sending emails that appear to come from trustworthy companies in order to get people to give personal information like passwords and credit card data. For Example: “an email that appears to be a phishing attempt”
  • Vishing – Making phone calls or leaving voice messages that appear to be from trustworthy firms in order to persuade people to provide personal information such as bank account numbers and credit card numbers. For Example: “Many people who are not tech-savvy are victims of vishing”
  • Smishing – Smishing is a type of phishing assault that uses our mobile phones as the attack platform to obtain personal information such as our Social Security number or credit card number.

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Budapest Convention on Cybercrime
  • The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, also known as the Convention on Cybercrime, harmonizes national law, improves investigative methods, and strengthens cooperation amongst nations to combat cybercrime and computer crime.
  • The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime is the first international agreement to reduce cybercrime.
  • The Budapest Convention is complemented by a protocol on Xenophobia or alien exclusion and racial discrimination committed by computer systems across the globe.

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Laws Associated with Cybercrime Security in India

Information Technology Act, 2000 regulates the usage of computers, Laptop systems, networks, and additional information and data in digital format.

The act lists down among different things, the subsequent offenses

  • Tampering with computer supply documents.
  • Cheating the use of laptop assets etc.
  • Hacking with a laptop gadget act of Cyber terrorism i.e. having access to an included gadget with the goal of threatening the unity, integrity, sovereignty, and safety of the country.

Recent Cybercrime Security steps were taken by the Government
  • Cyber Swachhta Kendra – It was launched in 2017 to help internet users clean up their computers and devices by removing viruses and spyware.
  • National Cybersecurity Coordination Center (NCCC) – It was established in 2017. Its mission is to detect real-time cyber threats by scanning internet traffic and communication metadata (which are little pieces of information concealed inside each conversation).
  • Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative – It was started in 2018 to raise awareness about Cybercrime and increase the capacity of Chief Information Security Officers (CISOs) and frontline IT personnel across all government agencies to implement safety measures.

Various measures to prevent Cybercrime
  • Regularly Install the latest anti-virus in order to protect against virus issues.
  • Issue alerts/advisories on a regular basis.
  • Law enforcement, prosecutors, and judicial officers’ capacity building and training.
  • Improving cyber forensics capabilities, among other things.
  • Finally, according to the Indian Constitution, ‘Police’ and ‘Public Order are state matters through their law enforcement apparatus, states/UTs are largely responsible for the prevention, detection, investigation, and conviction of crimes

Note about Cyberdome Project
  • The Kerala Police Department’s Cyberdome is a technological research and development center envisioned as a cyber center of excellence in cybersecurity and technology augmentation for successful policing.
  • It aspires to be a high-tech public-private partnership center of collaboration for many stakeholders in the field of Cybersecurity and proactive Cybercrime response.

Cybercrimes Previous Years Mains Questions

Q1. Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyze the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. (2021).

Q2. Discuss different types of Cybercrimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace. (2020)

Q3. What is the Cyberdome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling internet crimes in India? (2019)

Q4. Discuss the potential threats of Cybercrimes and the security framework to prevent it. (2017)

Q5. The use of the internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major security concern. How have these been misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat. (2016)

We hope all your doubts regarding Cybercrime are addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides comprehensive notes for different competitive examinations. It has always assured the quality of its product like content pages, live tests, Gk and current affairs, mocks and so on.Ace your UPSC preparation with the Testbook App!

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Cybercrime- FAQs

Cybercrime is a crime that involves computers and network devices. Computers can be used to commit crimes and are often targets. Cybercrime threatens the security and financial health of any individual or country.

Committing Fraud, Trafficking in Child Pornography, Misusing Intellectual Property Rights, Stealing Identities, and Invading privacy are some examples of Cybercrimes.

The various types of Cybercrime are Identity Robbery, Defamation, Harassment or Stalking, Freedom of Speech, Hacking, Trade Secrets, Cyberbullying, Cyberterrorism, etc.

The Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, also known as the Convention on Cybercrime, harmonizes national law, improves investigative methods, and strengthens cooperation amongst nations to combat cybercrime and computer crime. This is the first international agreement aimed at reducing cybercrime more importantly.

The Kerala Police Department’s Cyberdome is a technological research and development center envisioned as a cyber center of excellence in cybersecurity and technology augmentation for successful policing.
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