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Home / IAS Preparation / Bird Sanctuary in India

Bird Sanctuary in India - State Wise List of Bird Sanctuary, Its Importance And More

Last Updated on Feb 05, 2024
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Bird Sanctuaries in India - India is home to around 72 bird sanctuaries spread across different states. These sanctuaries are protected areas that provide an ideal habitat for several species of birds and play a crucial role in their conservation. The bird sanctuaries in India are known for their rich biodiversity. Some famous bird sanctuaries in India include Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary, Attiveri Bird Sanctuary, Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary, Atapaka Bird Sanctuary, and many more. 

The importance of bird sanctuaries in India cannot be overstated, as they help preserve the natural habitat of birds and other wildlife species. 

Bird Sanctuaries in India is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS exam as it covers a significant part of the Environment & Ecology in the General Studies Paper-3 syllabus and current events of national importance in UPSC prelims.

In this article, we shall study in detail various Sanctuary, including Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, etc.

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About Bird Sanctuaries in India

Bird Sanctuaries in India are special places that provide a safe and protected habitat for various species of birds. These sanctuaries play a crucial role in conserving and preserving the diverse bird population in the country. They serve as important breeding grounds, stopover points during migration, and shelter for injured or endangered birds. Bird sanctuaries help maintain the ecological balance by providing food, water, and suitable nesting sites for birds. They also offer opportunities for birdwatching and educational activities, promoting awareness and appreciation for avian biodiversity.

  • India is a paradise for bird watchers, with many bird sanctuaries preserving critical habitats.
  • These sanctuaries are home to both resident and migratory birds, with some hosting over 250 species. 
  • The most popular bird sanctuary in India is the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Rajasthan, which is home to various species of pelicans, cranes, ducks, geese, hawks, eagles, shanks, and more. 
  • Other popular bird sanctuaries include Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary in Haryana, Salim Ali Sanctuary in Goa, and Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary in Kerala. 
  • Many of these sanctuaries offer opportunities for visitors to witness migratory birds from different parts of the world. 

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State-Wise List of Bird Sanctuaries in India

India has numerous bird sanctuaries spread across various states in the country. These sanctuaries provide a safe and secure environment for various bird species. Here are some of the well-known bird sanctuaries in India with their names, location, established date, and a brief description:

State

Located at

Bird Sanctuary

Andhra Pradesh

Srikakulam

Telineelapuram and Telukunchi

Uppalapadu

Uppalapadu

Kolleru Lake

Atapaka

Nellore

Nelapattu

Chittoor

Pulicat Lake

Delhi

Najafgarh Drain

Najafgarh Drain

Gujarat

Jamnagar

Khijadiya

Ahmedabad

Nal Sarovar

Mehsana

Thol Lake

Porbandar

Porbandar

Goa

Panjim

Dr. Salim Ali

Haryana

Yamunanagar

Kalesar

Himachal Pradesh

Kangra

Pong Dam Lake

Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu

Surinsar-Mansar

Jharkhand

Sahibganj

Udhwa

Karnataka

Mandya

Ranganathittu

Mysore

Kokkare Bellur

Kerala

Kottayam

Kumarakom

Thiruvananthapuram

Neyyar

Madhya Pradesh

Raisen

Bori

Gwalior

National Chambal

Maharashtra

Mumbai

Sewri

Raigad

Karnala

Manipur

Bishnupur

Loktak Lake

Meghalaya

West Khasi Hills

Nongkhyllem

Mizoram

Saitual

Tamdil

Nagaland

Mokokchung

Intanki

Odisha

Ganjam

Chilika

Cuttack

Nandankanan

Punjab

Kapurthala

Harike

Rajasthan

Bharatpur

Keoladeo

Jaipur

Sambhar

Sikkim

East Sikkim

Maenam

Tamil Nadu

Ramanathapuram

Point Calimere

Kancheepuram

Vedanthangal

Telangana

Hyderabad

Manjira

Karimnagar

Kolleru Lake

Tripura

West Tripura

Sepahijala

Uttar Pradesh

Agra

Sur Sarovar

Mathura

Soor Sarovar

Uttarakhand

Nainital

Sattal

West Bengal

South 24 Parganas

Sundarbans

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8 Most Famous Bird Sanctuaries in India

Due to the huge number of birds it attracts, there are some bird sanctuaries that are popular in India, Let us know here about some famous sanctuaries:

Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

Here are some points about the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, also known as Keoladeo National Park:

  • Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, also known as Keoladeo National Park, is the largest bird sanctuary in India. It hosts thousands of birds, with almost 400 species.
  • It is located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. 
  • The Sanctuary got its name from Keoladeo Temple, situated within the park.
  • The Sanctuary hosts thousands of birds, and over 370 species have been recorded here. 
  •  It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a famous avifauna sanctuary. 
  • The park is home to a diverse array of other life forms, such as basking pythons, painted storks, deer, nilgai, and more. 
  • Noted Indian ornithologist Salim Ali once described it as one of the world's best bird areas. 
  • The park is best visited during the monsoon season when it comes alive with birds and other wildlife. 

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Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary

  • Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary is the second-largest bird sanctuary in India.
  • It is located in the Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh and a protected area of the Thiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu. 
  • The Sanctuary covers an area of 759 km2 and is situated around Pulicat Lake, which is the second largest brackish-water ecosystem in India after Chilka Lake in Orissa. 
  • It hosts a large number of migratory birds each year during winter, including gulls, terns, plovers, shanks, curlews, and storks.
  • The Sanctuary is home to a variety of bird species, such as flamingos, pelicans, storks, herons, and ducks.
  • The lake is separated by the Bay of Bengal from the Coromandel Coast and is an important breeding ground for several species of fish.
  • The main attractions within the Sanctuary include Nelapattu, Vedurupattu, Bodilingalapadu, and more. 

Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary

Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is the oldest bird sanctuary in India.

  • It is located in the Madurantakam taluk of the Chengalpattu District in the state of Tamil Nadu. 
  • The Sanctuary covers an area of 30 hectares and is one of the major water bird sanctuaries in India.
  • It is known to be the oldest water bird sanctuary in India and is home to more than 40,000 birds every winter, including 26 rare species. 
  • It is home to migratory birds such as pintail, garganey, grey wagtail, blue-winged teal, common sandpiper, and other species.
  • The birds nest on the branches of submerged trees within the Sanctuary. 
  • Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary was designated as a Ramsar site on August 4th, 2022
  • Vedanthangal is about 75 kilometers from Chennai, and the best time to visit the Sanctuary is from November to February when migratory birds arrive at the Sanctuary in large numbers.

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Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary

Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is situated about 64 km west of Ahmedabad near Sanand Village in the Gujarat state of India. 

  • Nal Sarovar literally translates to 'Tap Lake'.
  • It consists primarily of a 120.82-square-kilometer lake and ambient marshes, making it the largest wetland bird sanctuary in Gujarat. 
  • The Sanctuary is mainly inhabited by migratory birds during their winter season and offers an ideal breeding ground for resident birds such as the sarus crane, pelican, flamingo, spoonbill, avocet, coot, and other species. 
  • The best time to visit Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary is from November to February when migratory birds arrive at the Sanctuary in large numbers.

Kaundinya Bird Sanctuary

Kaundinya Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Palamner - Kuppam forest ranges of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. 

  • The Sanctuary covers an area of 35,760 hectares in the Kuppam and Palmaner Ranges and is the only wildlife sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh that has been designated as an elephant reserve. 
  • It is spread over 88,400 acres of natural habitat for Asian elephants. 
  • The Sanctuary is home to a variety of wildlife species, including birds such as Indian roller, painted stork, and black-winged kite. 
  • The best time to visit the Sanctuary is from October to March when the weather is pleasant. 
  • The Sanctuary comes under Project Elephant, a country-wide elephant conservation project taken up by the Government of India.

Study in detail about the Conservation of Biodiversity here!

Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary

Here are some points about the Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary:

  • Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, also known as Pakshi Kashi of Karnataka, is a bird sanctuary located in the Mandya District of the state of Karnataka in India. 
  • It is the largest bird sanctuary in the state, covering an area of 40 acres and comprising six islets on the banks of the Kaveri River. 
  • The Sanctuary is easily accessible from Bangalore and en route to Mysore, making it a great option for visitors. 
  • Birds such as painted stork, Asian openbill stork, common spoonbill, woolly-necked stork, black-headed ibis, white ibis, lesser whistling duck, Indian shag, stork-billed kingfisher, and other species can be seen there. 
  • The Sanctuary is a protected area and a haven for bird watchers.

Thattekad Bird Sanctuary

  • Located in Kerala, Thattekad Bird Sanctuary is a haven for bird enthusiasts.
  • It is home to around 300 species of birds, including the rare Ceylon Frogmouth and the Indian Pitta.
  • The sanctuary is known for its dense evergreen forests, picturesque landscapes, and serene surroundings.
  • It provides a natural habitat for resident and migratory birds. This makes it a popular destination for birdwatching and nature lovers.

Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary

  • Situated in Kerala's Kumarakom village, this bird sanctuary is located on the banks of Vembanad Lake.
  • It is spread over an area of around 14 acres and is known for its scenic beauty and rich avian diversity.
  • The sanctuary is home to many species of local and migratory birds. This includes herons, egrets, cuckoos, and waterfowl.
  • Visitors can enjoy birdwatching, take boat rides, or walk along the designated paths to observe the different bird species.

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UPSC CSE Mains Question on Bird Sanctuary in India

Questions about the major bird sanctuaries of India often feature in top competitive examinations, including in the UPSC exam. Let us check out the commonly repeated questions on bird sanctuaries in India that have been previously asked in the UPSC exam below -

  • Define the concept of the carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment. Explain how understanding this concept is vital while planning for the sustainable development of a region. (UPSC Mains 2019)
  • How does biodiversity vary in India? How is the Biological Diversity Act 2002 helpful in the conservation of flora and fauna? (UPSC Mains 2018)

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Bird Sanctuary in India FAQs

The Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, now called Keoladeo National Park, is regarded as the biggest bird sanctuary in India and Asia. The Sanctuary covers an area of about 1.30 sq. km.

The most famous bird sanctuary is Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary in Haryana, which spans a massive 1.43 sq. km. of land. It is one of India's most popular and well-known bird sanctuaries.

Vedanthangal bird sanctuary in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, is probably the smallest bird sanctuary in India. The Sanctuary is believed to have about 40,000 birds, out of which 26 species are rare. Mayureshwar Wildlife Sanctuary in the Pune district, Maharashtra, is also a small Sanctuary spread over just about five square kilometers.

Bird sanctuaries help in conservation efforts by providing a safe and secure habitat for various bird species. The natural ecosystem, which is essential for the survival of many bird species, is also protected and preserved by them. For scientists and researchers interested in studying birds and their behavior, bird sanctuaries are also crucial research and study locations.

According to the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), India has about 1210 different bird species and 72 bird sanctuaries.
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