Neolithic Phase MCQ Quiz in বাংলা - Objective Question with Answer for Neolithic Phase - বিনামূল্যে ডাউনলোড করুন [PDF]

The correct answer is 'A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4'

Key Points

• Baghor II:
  • Key finding: Geometric microliths made from chert and chalcedony.
  • Baghor II is an important Mesolithic site located in the Son Valley region of India.
  • The site is known for its microlithic tools, which are small stone tools typically used during the Mesolithic period.
• Chopani Mando:
  • Key finding: Domesticated rice and handmade pottery.
  • Chopani Mando is located in the Belan Valley of Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • The site provides evidence of early agriculture, including the domestication of rice and the use of handmade pottery.
• Sarai Nahar Rai:
  • Key finding: Human burials including a multiple burial.
  • Sarai Nahar Rai is a significant Mesolithic site in the Ganga Valley of Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • The site is known for its human burials, which provide valuable insights into the burial practices and social organization of Mesolithic communities.
• Bhimbetka:
  • Key finding: Famous for its Mesolithic paintings.
  • Bhimbetka is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Madhya Pradesh, India.
  • The site is renowned for its rock shelters and cave paintings, which date back to the Mesolithic period and depict scenes of hunting, dancing, and daily life.

Additional Information

Major Domesticated Animals and Their Uses

• Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris):
  • First Domesticated: Approximately 14,000 to 30,000 years ago.
  • Uses: Hunting, herding, guarding, companionship, and various working roles.
  • Origins: Likely domesticated from wolves in multiple regions including Europe and Asia.
• Cats (Felis catus):
  • First Domesticated: Around 9,000 years ago.
  • Uses: Pest control and companionship.
  • Origins: Believed to have been domesticated in the Near East.
• Cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus):
  • First Domesticated: Approximately 10,500 years ago.
  • Uses: Meat, milk, hides, draft animals, and dung for fuel.
  • Origins: Likely domesticated in regions ranging from the Near East to South Asia.
• Sheep (Ovis aries):
  • First Domesticated: Around 11,000 years ago.
  • Uses: Wool, meat, and milk.
  • Origins: Domesticated from mouflon in the Near East.
• Goats (Capra hircus):
  • First Domesticated: Around 10,000 years ago.
  • Uses: Milk, meat, hides, and fiber (cashmere, mohair).
  • Origins: Domesticated from wild goats in the Fertile Crescent.
• Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus):
  • First Domesticated: Around 9,000 years ago.
  • Uses: Meat (pork) and related products.
  • Origins: Likely domesticated in Southeast Asia and independently in Europe and the Near East.
• Horses (Equus ferus caballus):
  • First Domesticated: Around 4,000 to 5,500 years ago.
  • Uses: Transportation, labor, warfare, and sport.
  • Origins: Steppe regions of Central Asia.
• Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus):
  • First Domesticated: Around 8,000 years ago.
  • Uses: Eggs, meat, feathers.
  • Origins: Likely domesticated from the red junglefowl in Southeast Asia.

The correct answer is 'Mehrgarh'

Key Points

• Mehrgarh:
  • Mehrgarh is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming and herding in South Asia.
  • Located in present-day Balochistan, Pakistan, it dates back to around 7000 BCE.
  • Archaeological findings include evidence of early agriculture (wheat and barley) and domesticated animals (cattle, sheep, and goats).
  • The site provides significant insights into the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods, showcasing the transition from hunting-gathering to settled farming communities.

Additional Information

• Bhimbetka:
  • Bhimbetka is known for its rock shelters and cave paintings, not for evidence of early farming and herding.
  • It is located in Madhya Pradesh, India, and provides valuable insights into prehistoric human life and art.
• Burzahom:
  • Burzahom, located in Kashmir, India, is known for its Neolithic and Megalithic cultures.
  • It does show some evidence of early agriculture, but it is not as significant as Mehrgarh in this context.
• Kurnool Caves:
  • Kurnool Caves, located in Andhra Pradesh, India, are known for their prehistoric artifacts and evidence of human habitation.
  • The focus here is more on Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods rather than early farming and herding.

Correct Answer:  4 → 3 → 2 → 1

Key Points

• Use of bow and arrow, geometric microliths in hunting:
  • This represents the Mesolithic period (Late Stone Age), which is characterized by the use of small stone tools called microliths. Tools such as bow and arrow and microliths were commonly used for hunting during this period which dates back to approximately 10,000 BCE to 5,000 BCE.
• C14 dates showing settlements in Baluchistan:
  • This represents the early Neolithic period. Baluchistan (modern-day regions in Pakistan) shows early signs of settled farming communities, particularly in sites like Mehrgarh, which provide C14 dates back to around 7000 BCE. These settlements are crucial evidence of the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural communities.
• Appearance of pottery and metal tools in Late Stone Age sites:
  • This represents a transitional phase from the Late Stone Age to the Neolithic-Chalcolithic periods, where we start to see the emergence of pottery and the first use of copper tools. This phase indicates early advancements in technology and craftsmanship, approximately dating around 7000 BCE to 3300 BCE.
• The decline of specialized stone toolmaking as iron becomes more available:
  • This represents the Iron Age, starting around 1200 BCE in the Indian subcontinent. With the widespread availability and use of iron, there was a significant decline in the use of stone tools due to the superior durability and utility of iron implements.

Additional InformationCase Study: Settlements in Baluchistan

In the context of settlements in Baluchistan, C-14 dating has been used extensively at sites like Mehrgarh to establish a timeline for early human activity. For example, charred grains, animal bones, and shell fragments found within settlement layers can be radiocarbon dated to determine the period of occupation and developments in early agriculture and domestication practices.