Asexual Reproduction MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Asexual Reproduction - Download Free PDF

• Algae are simple, chlorophyll-bearing photosynthetic, thalloid, autotrophic, majorly aquatic organisms.
• They occur in various habitats like water, moist stones, soils, wood etc.
•  Spirogyra is a filamentous freshwater alga.
• Spirogyra is majorly found as free-floating slimy masses over stagnant water in ponds and ditches.
• Therefore are also known as Pond scum.

Structure:

• Spirogyra is filamentous in nature and cylindrical in shape.
• The cell wall is made of two layers
  • The inner one is made up of cellulose
  • The outer one is made up of pectin
• The outer layer of the cell wall becomes gelatinous in water and results in the formation of a mucilaginous sheath.
• Hence, it is slimy to touch and therefore is also called 'pond silk' or 'water silk'.
• The cells contain chloroplasts,1-16 in number.
• These chloroplasts are ribbon-shaped and are arranged spirally in the cytoplasm.
• Hence the name given to the algae is Spirogyra.
• A number of small round protein granules that store starch called pyrenoids are also present in the chloroplast.
• A large central vacuole forms a part of the cytoplasm.

Explanation:

• Reproduction in spirogyra can occur in ways mainly
  • Asexual mode of reproduction.
  • Sexual mode of reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction can occur by breaking up filaments into smaller bits.
• This process is known as fragmentation.
• then new filaments are formed from those small bits.
• This is a type of vegetative reproduction as well.
• Another mode of asexual reproduction is the formation of spores like akinetes or Aplanospores.
• Spirogyra reproduces sexually by the process of conjugation.

The correct answer is option 1.

Note: Both hydra and yeast reproduce asexually by budding. Thus, both option 1 and 2 are factually incorrect. But, we have marked the correct answer as Option 1 according to the official answer key.

Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc108.pdf

Key Points

• Hydra reproduces asexually through a process called budding, not multiple fission.
• Yeast primarily reproduces asexually through budding rather than spore formation.
• Plasmodium is known for reproducing through multiple fission within its host cells.
• Leishmania reproduces asexually through a process called binary fission.
• Each organism has specific methods of asexual reproduction, which are key to their biological processes.

Additional Information

• Budding
  • This is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.
  • Hydra and yeast commonly use this method for reproduction.
• Binary Fission
  • This is a method of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two parts, each of which becomes a new organism.
  • Binary fission is common in prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and protozoa like Leishmania.
• Multiple Fission
  • In this type of asexual reproduction, the parent cell divides into multiple daughter cells simultaneously.
  • Plasmodium, the malaria-causing parasite, reproduces using multiple fission within the red blood cells of its host.

•  Rhizopus is a common saprophytic fungus found on different vegetables, fruits, bread etc.
• It is commonly found growing on bread therefore known as Bread mould.
• The body of the rhizobium is made up of branched mycelium.
• The mycelium in the Rhizopus is coenocytic, i.e the hyphae are aseptate.
• Hyphae refer to the thin branching tubular thread-like structures that make up the body (mycelium) of the fungus.

The mycelium is divided into 3 types of hyphae-

• Stolon
• Rhizoid
• Sporangiophores

Explanation:

Stolon

• They are the internodal region that connects the two groups of rhizoids.

Rhizoid

• They are root-like structures.
• They are branched and help in anchorage to the substratum.
• Their main function is the absorption of food from the substratum.

Sporangiophores

• These are the erect and slender branches that are produced at the point where the stolons and rhizoids meet.
• They are aerial ad reproductive hyphae.
• They are branched and the terminal part bears a structure called Sporangium.
• This sporangium consists of Sporangiospores, which help in asexual reproduction.

• Algae are simple, chlorophyll-bearing photosynthetic, thalloid, autotrophic, majorly aquatic organisms.
• They occur in various habitats like water, moist stones, soils, wood etc.
•  Spirogyra is a filamentous freshwater alga.
• Spirogyra is majorly found as free-floating slimy masses over stagnant water in ponds and ditches.
• Therefore are also known as Pond scum.

Structure:

• Spirogyra is filamentous in nature and cylindrical in shape.
• The cell wall is made of two layers
  • The inner one is made up of cellulose
  • The outer one is made up of pectin
• The outer layer of the cell wall becomes gelatinous in water and results in the formation of a mucilaginous sheath.
• Hence, it is slimy to touch and therefore is also called 'pond silk' or 'water silk'.
• The cells contain chloroplasts,1-16 in number.
• These chloroplasts are ribbon-shaped and are arranged spirally in the cytoplasm.
• Hence the name given to the algae is Spirogyra.
• A number of small round protein granules that store starch called pyrenoids are also present in the chloroplast.
• A large central vacuole forms a part of the cytoplasm.

Explanation:

• Reproduction in spirogyra can occur in ways mainly
  • Asexual mode of reproduction.
  • Sexual mode of reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction can occur by breaking up filaments into smaller bits.
• This process is known as fragmentation.
• then new filaments are formed from those small bits.
• This is a type of vegetative reproduction as well.
• Another mode of asexual reproduction is the formation of spores like akinetes or Aplanospores.
• Spirogyra reproduces sexually by the process of conjugation.

•  Rhizopus is a common saprophytic fungus found on different vegetables, fruits, bread etc.
• It is commonly found growing on bread therefore known as Bread mould.
• The body of the rhizobium is made up of branched mycelium.
• The mycelium in the Rhizopus is coenocytic, i.e the hyphae are aseptate.
• Hyphae refer to the thin branching tubular thread-like structures that make up the body (mycelium) of the fungus.

The mycelium is divided into 3 types of hyphae-

• Stolon
• Rhizoid
• Sporangiophores

Explanation:

Stolon

• They are the internodal region that connects the two groups of rhizoids.

Rhizoid

• They are root-like structures.
• They are branched and help in anchorage to the substratum.
• Their main function is the absorption of food from the substratum.

Sporangiophores

• These are the erect and slender branches that are produced at the point where the stolons and rhizoids meet.
• They are aerial ad reproductive hyphae.
• They are branched and the terminal part bears a structure called Sporangium.
• This sporangium consists of Sporangiospores, which help in asexual reproduction.

The correct answer is asexual reproduction.Key Points

• Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by a single parent without the involvement of gametes or fertilization.
• In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent, as there is no genetic recombination or mixing of genetic material from two parents.
• Examples of asexual reproduction include binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast, and fragmentation in starfish.
• Asexual reproduction is advantageous in stable environments, as it allows for rapid reproduction and the ability to colonize new habitats quickly.

Additional Information

• In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology that involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside of the body and then transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus.
  • IVF is used in cases of infertility or genetic disorders. 
• External fertilization is a type of sexual reproduction that occurs outside of the body, such as in aquatic animals like fish and amphibians.
  • The eggs and sperm are released into the water, where fertilization occurs.
• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents to produce offspring with genetic diversity.
  • This type of reproduction is common in animals, plants, and some fungi.
  • It allows for genetic variation, which can be advantageous in changing environments.

Concept:

• There are different Modes of reproduction in organisms and they can be classified into two types-
  • Sexual mode of reproduction
  • Asexual mode of reproduction

Asexual reproduction - 

• It is the type or mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.
• Here the offspring produced are genetically and physically identical to their parents.
• Different types of Asexual reproduction are- Fission, Fragmentation, Regeneration, Budding, Vegetative propagation, Spore formation

​Sexual reproduction - 

• It is a mode of reproduction in which both the sexes, male and female, are involved in reproduction of an offspring.
• The male and female gametes fuse to form a fertilized zygote.
• This zygote divides to form an embryo and later forms an individual organism.
• Sexual reproduction produces genetic variability and hence the organisms are not identical to the parents.

Important Points

Apomixis - 

• Apomixis is the type of asexual production in which seeds are formed without fertilization.
• The plants which grow from these seeds are identical to the mother plant.
• Apomixis in flowering plants is considered as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule.

Vegetative Reproduction -  

• Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in which fragments  or parts of plant develop into a new plant.​
• Roots and stem both can be used for the vegetative propagation.
• As the new plants develop without any fertilization between the gametes produced from two different parents, therefore there is no variation in the offspring.
• The new offspring is identical to the parents.
• New plants arise from the root and stem structures like buds, tubers, rhizomes, bulbs suckers, offsets etc. naturally.
• These structures which give rise to new plants are known as vegetative propagules.
• Artificially, vegetative propagation can be carried out through cutting, layering, grafting and tissue culture.

• Algae are simple, chlorophyll-bearing photosynthetic, thalloid, autotrophic, majorly aquatic organisms.
• They occur in various habitats like water, moist stones, soils, wood etc.
•  Spirogyra is a filamentous freshwater alga.
• Spirogyra is majorly found as free-floating slimy masses over stagnant water in ponds and ditches.
• Therefore are also known as Pond scum.

Structure:

• Spirogyra is filamentous in nature and cylindrical in shape.
• The cell wall is made of two layers
  • The inner one is made up of cellulose
  • The outer one is made up of pectin
• The outer layer of the cell wall becomes gelatinous in water and results in the formation of a mucilaginous sheath.
• Hence, it is slimy to touch and therefore is also called 'pond silk' or 'water silk'.
• The cells contain chloroplasts,1-16 in number.
• These chloroplasts are ribbon-shaped and are arranged spirally in the cytoplasm.
• Hence the name given to the algae is Spirogyra.
• A number of small round protein granules that store starch called pyrenoids are also present in the chloroplast.
• A large central vacuole forms a part of the cytoplasm.

Explanation:

• Reproduction in spirogyra can occur in ways mainly
  • Asexual mode of reproduction.
  • Sexual mode of reproduction.
• Asexual reproduction can occur by breaking up filaments into smaller bits.
• This process is known as fragmentation.
• then new filaments are formed from those small bits.
• This is a type of vegetative reproduction as well.
• Another mode of asexual reproduction is the formation of spores like akinetes or Aplanospores.
• Spirogyra reproduces sexually by the process of conjugation.

The correct answer is asexual reproduction.Key Points

• Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by a single parent without the involvement of gametes or fertilization.
• In asexual reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent, as there is no genetic recombination or mixing of genetic material from two parents.
• Examples of asexual reproduction include binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast, and fragmentation in starfish.
• Asexual reproduction is advantageous in stable environments, as it allows for rapid reproduction and the ability to colonize new habitats quickly.

Additional Information

• In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology that involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside of the body and then transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus.
  • IVF is used in cases of infertility or genetic disorders. 
• External fertilization is a type of sexual reproduction that occurs outside of the body, such as in aquatic animals like fish and amphibians.
  • The eggs and sperm are released into the water, where fertilization occurs.
• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents to produce offspring with genetic diversity.
  • This type of reproduction is common in animals, plants, and some fungi.
  • It allows for genetic variation, which can be advantageous in changing environments.

The correct answer is single-celled organisms.

Key Points

• The splitting of simple multicellular organisms as they grow, they divide into two or more parts, and each part grows to form a new cell called a fragment, and finally new organism this process is called fragmentation.
• Since single-celled organisms are single-celled and cells are the smallest part of life, they cannot reproduce by fragmentation. However, single-celled organisms that form colonies, such as Ulothrix, can reproduce by fragmentation.
• Asexual reproduction in algae occurs through multiple spores. However, in some filamentous algae, growth occurs through fragmentation.
• In fungi, vegetative reproduction occurs by fragmentation or budding (in yeasts).
• Asexual freshwater planarians reproduce by splitting themselves into two pieces, a process called binary fission.

Concept:

Living organisms reproduce using different modes of reproduction, which can be majorly classified as-

• Sexual mode of reproduction
• Asexual mode of reproduction

Asexual reproduction

• It is the type or mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.
• Here the offspring produced are genetically and physically identical to their parents.

Different types of Asexual reproduction are-

• Fission
• Fragmentation
• Regeneration
• Budding
• Vegetative propagation
• Spore formation

Explanation:

•  The unicellular organisms lack a complex reproductive mechanism
• They generally reproduce by cell division or fission which leads to the formation of a new individual.
• This mode of asexual reproduction is called Fission.
• It is the simplest mode of reproduction.
• In these organisms, the nucleus first splits and then the cytoplasm, ultimately leading to the division of the whole cell into equal halves.

Fission can be of two types-

• Binary fission
• Multiple fission

Binary fission

• It is an asexual mode of reproduction in which an organism is separated into two new individuals.
• It is seen in organisms like Ameoba, Leishmania etc.
• Multiple fission is an asexual mode of reproduction in which single-celled organisms get divided into many daughter cells simultaneously by multiple fission.
• Multiple fission is observed in Plasmodium.
• The nucleus in the plasmodium divides and each one differentiates and gives rise to new daughter cells.

 Additional Information

Budding

• It is a form of asexual reproduction.
• Buds are developed from the parent organisms.
• These buds give rise to offspring.

​Reduction division

• Reduction division is seen during meiosis.
• It reduces the number of chromosomes in the gamete.
• This leads to the formation of haploid gametes.

•  Rhizopus is a common saprophytic fungus found on different vegetables, fruits, bread etc.
• It is commonly found growing on bread therefore known as Bread mould.
• The body of the rhizobium is made up of branched mycelium.
• The mycelium in the Rhizopus is coenocytic, i.e the hyphae are aseptate.
• Hyphae refer to the thin branching tubular thread-like structures that make up the body (mycelium) of the fungus.

The mycelium is divided into 3 types of hyphae-

• Stolon
• Rhizoid
• Sporangiophores

Explanation:

Stolon

• They are the internodal region that connects the two groups of rhizoids.

Rhizoid

• They are root-like structures.
• They are branched and help in anchorage to the substratum.
• Their main function is the absorption of food from the substratum.

Sporangiophores

• These are the erect and slender branches that are produced at the point where the stolons and rhizoids meet.
• They are aerial ad reproductive hyphae.
• They are branched and the terminal part bears a structure called Sporangium.
• This sporangium consists of Sporangiospores, which help in asexual reproduction.

The correct answer is option 1.

Note: Both hydra and yeast reproduce asexually by budding. Thus, both option 1 and 2 are factually incorrect. But, we have marked the correct answer as Option 1 according to the official answer key.

Source: https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc108.pdf

Key Points

• Hydra reproduces asexually through a process called budding, not multiple fission.
• Yeast primarily reproduces asexually through budding rather than spore formation.
• Plasmodium is known for reproducing through multiple fission within its host cells.
• Leishmania reproduces asexually through a process called binary fission.
• Each organism has specific methods of asexual reproduction, which are key to their biological processes.

Additional Information

• Budding
  • This is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism.
  • Hydra and yeast commonly use this method for reproduction.
• Binary Fission
  • This is a method of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two parts, each of which becomes a new organism.
  • Binary fission is common in prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and protozoa like Leishmania.
• Multiple Fission
  • In this type of asexual reproduction, the parent cell divides into multiple daughter cells simultaneously.
  • Plasmodium, the malaria-causing parasite, reproduces using multiple fission within the red blood cells of its host.

Concept:

• There are different Modes of reproduction in organisms and they can be classified into two types-
  • Sexual mode of reproduction
  • Asexual mode of reproduction

Asexual reproduction - 

• It is the type or mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.
• Here the offspring produced are genetically and physically identical to their parents.
• Different types of Asexual reproduction are- Fission, Fragmentation, Regeneration, Budding, Vegetative propagation, Spore formation

​Sexual reproduction - 

• It is a mode of reproduction in which both the sexes, male and female, are involved in reproduction of an offspring.
• The male and female gametes fuse to form a fertilized zygote.
• This zygote divides to form an embryo and later forms an individual organism.
• Sexual reproduction produces genetic variability and hence the organisms are not identical to the parents.

Important Points

Apomixis - 

• Apomixis is the type of asexual production in which seeds are formed without fertilization.
• The plants which grow from these seeds are identical to the mother plant.
• Apomixis in flowering plants is considered as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule.

Vegetative Reproduction -  

• Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in which fragments  or parts of plant develop into a new plant.​
• Roots and stem both can be used for the vegetative propagation.
• As the new plants develop without any fertilization between the gametes produced from two different parents, therefore there is no variation in the offspring.
• The new offspring is identical to the parents.
• New plants arise from the root and stem structures like buds, tubers, rhizomes, bulbs suckers, offsets etc. naturally.
• These structures which give rise to new plants are known as vegetative propagules.
• Artificially, vegetative propagation can be carried out through cutting, layering, grafting and tissue culture.