Conservation efforts: India and World MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Conservation efforts: India and World - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is the Protection of the Ozone layer.

Key Points

• The protection of the Ozone layer is the main aim of the Montreal Protocol.
• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted on September 16, 1987.
• It is aimed to regulate the production and use of chemicals contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer of the Earth.

Additional Information

• Initially, it was signed by 46 countries but now has nearly 200 signatories.

The correct answer is Both I and II.

Key Points

• The National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem is handled by the Department of Science and Technology which is within the Ministry of Science and Technology.
• The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change is under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
• Hence, Option 1)- Both I and II are the correct answer.

Additional Information

• National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem
  • This Mission was launched under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) with a budget outlay of Rs. 550 crore during the XII Five Year Plan period.
  • The primary objective of the Mission is - to develop in a time-bound manner a sustainable national capacity to continuously assess the health status of the Himalayan Ecosystem, to enable policy bodies in their policy-formulation functions, and to assist States in the Indian Himalayan Region with the implementation of actions selected for sustainable development.
  • The NAPCC comprises eight National Missions. These are:- 1) National Solar Mission, 2) National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, 3) National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, 4) National Water Mission, 5) National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system, 6) National Mission for a Green India, 7) National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture and 8) National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change.
• National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
  • The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC), under the NAPCC promotes research, knowledge generation, and capacity building relating to climate science.
  • The mission has been revised to align its objectives and priorities with the commitments of the country.
  • Several inter-connected objectives are sought to be addressed including developing knowledge infrastructure, data sharing, technology solutions, institutional connectedness, capacity building, and Mission mode programs.

The correct answer is Bamboo.

• The plant excluded from the list of trees in the Indian Forest (Amendment) Act 2017 is Bamboo.
• The Parliament cleared the bill to exclude bamboo from the definition of a tree under the Indian Forest Act in 2017.
• The government stated that it would improve the earnings of tribals and dwellers living around forests.
• As per data of NITI Aayog, bamboo resources in the country has the potential to generate economic activities worth Rs 50,000 crore.
• Bamboo is considered as the tallest grass hence it does not come under the definition of The Indian Forest Act 1927.

Additional Information

• Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under bamboo forests.
• The North-Eastern States are considered as storehouses of bamboo diversity.
• National Bamboo Mission was launched in India in 2007.

The correct answer is 1972.

Key Points

• The Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for the protection of plants and animal species.
• Before 1972, India had only five designated national parks.
• According to this Act, hunting, harvesting, and harming of animals is strictly prohibited. It also imposed restrictions on harvesting forest resources.
• This Act provides for the protection of the country’s wild animals, birds, and plant species, in order to ensure environmental and ecological security.
• Among other things, the Act lays down restrictions on hunting many animal species. The Act was last amended in the year 2006.

​Constitutional Provisions for the Wildlife Act :

• ​Article 48A of the Constitution of India directs the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard wildlife and forests. This article was added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
• Article 51A imposes certain fundamental duties for the people of India. One of them is to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

Additional Information

History of wildlife protection legislation in India:

• ​The first such law was passed by the British Indian Government in 1887 called the Wild Birds Protection Act, 1887. The law sought to prohibit the possession and sale of specified wild birds that were either killed or captured during a breeding session.
• A second law was enacted in 1912 called the Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act. This was amended in 1935 when the Wild Birds and Animals Protection (Amendment) Act 1935 was passed.
• During the British Raj, wildlife protection was not accorded a priority. It was only in 1960 that the issue of protection of wildlife and the prevention of certain species from becoming extinct came to the fore.

The correct answer is Wildlife Crime Control Bureau.

Key Points

• WCCB in the context of Environment and Forest stands for Wildlife Crime Control Bureau.
• Wildlife Crime Control Bureau is a statutory multi-disciplinary body.
• It was created to combat organized wildlife crime in the country.
• It was established by the Government of India under the Ministry of Environment and Forests.
• The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau has its headquarter in New Delhi.
• The provisions of the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act of 2006 came into effect on 4th September 2006.

Important Points

• It became operational in the year 2008.
• It has five regional offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, and Jabalpur and three sub-regional offices at Guwahati, Amritsar, and Cochin.
• It assists foreign governments and international organisations in facilitating coordination and universal action in the fight against wildlife crime.

The correct answer is 1980.

Key Points

• The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 was passed to provide for the conservation of forests and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto.
• Under the provisions of this Act, prior approval of the Central Government is required for the diversion of forestlands for non-forest purposes.
• The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 was further amended in 1988.

Additional Information 

• The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in the year 1986.
• The main objective of this act is to provide the protection and improvement of the environment and for matters connected therewith.
• The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted for the protection of plants and animal species.
• Constitutional provisions of Forest Conservation:
  • Article 48-A of the Indian Constitution deals with protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife - the state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
  • Clause g of Article 51 A of the Indian Constitution says that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

The correct answer is SDG 6.

Key Points

• Sustainable Development Goal 6 ensures availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• Sustainable Development Goal 6 is about "clean water and sanitation for all."
• The Sustainable Development Goals are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all.
• They address the global challenges we face, including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice.
• The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 strives to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social, and environmental.

Additional Information

• There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals-
  • GOAL 1: No Poverty.
  • GOAL 2: Zero Hunger.
  • GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being.
  • GOAL 4: Quality Education.
  • GOAL 5: Gender Equality.
  • GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.
  • GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy.
  • GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth.
  • GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
  • GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality.
  • GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.
  • GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.
  • GOAL 13: Climate Action.
  • GOAL 14: Life Below Water.
  • GOAL 15: Life on Land.
  • GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions.
  • GOAL 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal.

The correct answer is the Protection of the Ozone layer.

Key Points

• The protection of the Ozone layer is the main aim of the Montreal Protocol.
• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted on September 16, 1987.
• It is aimed to regulate the production and use of chemicals contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer of the Earth.

Additional Information

• Initially, it was signed by 46 countries but now has nearly 200 signatories.

The environment protection act was passed by the parliament of India in 1986.

• Under Article 253 of the constitution.
• It came into force on 19 November 1986.
• The purpose of this act was to implement the decisions of the UN conference on the Human Environment.

Key Points

• Environment Protection Act, 1986 Act of the Parliament of India.
  • In the wake of the Bhopal gas Tragedy or Bhopal Disaster, the [Government of India] enacted the Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution.
    • Passed in March 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986.
    • It has 26 sections and 4 chapters.
    • The Environmental (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 was never amended.

Additional Information

• The purpose of the Act is to implement the decisions of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment.
  • They relate to the protection and improvement of the human environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings, other living creatures, plants and property.
  • The Act is an “umbrella” legislation designed to provide a framework for central government coordination of the activities of various central and state authorities established under previous laws, such as the Water Act and the Air Act.

Other important acts by the Indian government for Environmental protection:

• Wildlife Protection Act 1972.
• Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960.
• Biological diversity Act 2002.
• Recycled Plastics, Plastics manufacturing and usage Rules, 1999
• Construction and Demolition waste Management Rules, 2016.

The correct answer is 89.

Important Points As of February 2025, India has 89 Ramsar Sites—wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention. Notably, Tamil Nadu leads with 20 Ramsar Sites, the highest among Indian states.

Key Points

• Tamil Nadu has the most Ramsar sites in India, with 20 sites, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 10 sites
• India signed the Ramsar Convention in 1982.

Additional Information

• ​The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an international treaty for “the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands”.
• It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands.
• It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran where it was signed on the 2nd of February 1971.
• The 2nd of February each year is World Wetlands Day.
• The number of parties to the convention is 172 (as of March 2022).
• At the centre of the Ramsar philosophy is the “wise use” of wetlands.
• Wise use: maintenance of ecological character within the context of sustainable development.

The Correct answer is Global Warming.

Important Points

• The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.
• There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew from the protocol, effective December 2012) to the Protocol.
• The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to reduce the onset of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to "a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" (Article 2).
• The Kyoto Protocol applies to the six greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
• The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. 
• it acknowledges that individual countries have different capabilities in combating climate change, owing to economic development, and therefore puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 

The correct answer is I.

Key Points

• The greater one-horned rhino is listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
• Wildlife Protection Act 1972 was passed on August 21, 1972, but was later implemented on September 9, 1972.
• This act prohibits the capturing, killing, poisoning, or trapping of wild animals.
• It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

Additional Information

• Environment (Protection) Act: 
  • The Environment (Protection) Act was enacted in 1986 with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment.
• The Forest Conservation Policy
  • India’s forests are currently governed by the National Forest Policy of 1988.
  • Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and restoration of ecological balance.

The correct answer is SDG 15.

Key Points

• Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)15 seeks to ‘Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
• The United Nations General Assembly adopted the "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" in 2015, with global goals.
• The 193 members of GA  adopted the framework "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" with 17 goals & 169 targets.

Additional Information

• Those 17 goals are:
  • GOAL 1: No Poverty
  • GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
  • GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
  • GOAL 4: Quality Education
  • GOAL 5: Gender Equality
  • GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
  • GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
  • GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
  • GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
  • GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
  • GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
  • GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
  • GOAL 13: Climate Action
  • GOAL 14: Life Below Water
  • GOAL 15: Life on Land
  • GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
  • GOAL 17: Partnerships to Achieve the Goal

The correct answer is 1988.

• The national forest policy in India is launched to bring a minimum of one-third of India’s total geographical area under forest or tree cover.
• The first edition of national forest policy in India took effect in 1952.
• India launched its second edition of national forest policy in 1988.
  • The national forest policy 1988 aims the maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and restoration of ecological balance.
• The national forest policy in 1988 is now replaced by the draft national forest policy 2018.
• The new draft national forest policy 2018 was launched in March 2018.
  • The new policy focuses on the international challenge of climate change.
  • It was published by the ministry of environment, forest, and climate change.
• Prakash Javadekar is the current minister responsible for the ministry of environment, forest, and climate change.
• The wildlife protection act in India was enacted in 1972.
• The forest conservation act in India was enacted in 1980.
• The environment protection act India was enacted in 1986.

The correct answer is conservation of endangered plants and animals.

Key Points

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES):-
  •   In order to regulate international trade in endangered species of Wild Life, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) was signed in March 1973.

  Additional Information

CITES was conceptualized in 1963 at a meeting of the (IUCN) International Union For Conservation Of Nature.

• It came into force in 1975 and consists of 183 member countries to date that abide by CITES regulations by implementing legislation within their own borders to enforce those regulations.
• Located in Geneva, Switzerland, the CITES is administered by the United Nations under its UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) Wing.
• The Convention of Parties to CITES is the supreme decision-making body of the Convention and comprises all its Parties.
• The last CoP (18th) was held in Geneva, Switzerland 17 - 28 August 2019.
  • India hosted CoP (3rd) in 1981.
• Although CITES is legally binding on the Parties, it does not take the place of national laws.
• Rather, it provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level.