Geography (World Geography) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Geography (World Geography) - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is Baikal Lake

Key Points

•  Baikal Lake is Located in Siberia, Russia.
• Lake Baikal is the world's deepest and oldest freshwater lake.
• It reaches a maximum depth of 1,642 meters (5,387 feet), making it not only the deepest lake on Earth but also one of the largest by volume.
• It is renowned for its crystal clear waters and unique biodiversity, including species that are found nowhere else on the planet, such as the Baikal seal.

Additional Information

•  Pulicat Lake:
  • This is the second largest brackish water lake or lagoon in India, located on the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu on the Coromandel Coast.
  • It is significantly shallower and smaller in comparison to Baikal Lake and is known for its bird sanctuary.
•  Victoria Lake:
  •  Also known as Lake Victoria, it is the largest lake in Africa by area, the world's largest tropical lake, and the second-largest freshwater lake by surface area.
  • Despite its size, it is relatively shallow compared to Baikal, with a maximum depth of approximately 84 meters (276 feet).
  • It is famous for its biodiversity, including the numerous species of cichlid fish.
• Superior Lake:
  •  Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America and the world's largest freshwater lake by surface area.
  • However, in terms of depth, it does not compare to Baikal, as its maximum depth is about 406 meters (1,332 feet).
  • It is known for its clean, cold waters and rugged wilderness surroundings.

In summary, while Pulicat Lake, Victoria Lake, and Superior Lake are significant in terms of size, biodiversity, and ecological importance, none of them surpass Lake Baikal in terms of depth. Lake Baikal's unique characteristics of depth, age, and endemic species make it a natural wonder distinct from the other lakes mentioned.

Key Points

• Finland:
  • Finland is often called the "Land of a Thousand Lakes" due to its over 180,000 lakes.
  • The presence of these many lakes is a result of glaciation during the last Ice Age.
  • The retreating glaciers left behind a landscape filled with lakes and depressions.
  • The largest lake, Lake Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe, emphasizing the significance of lakes in Finland's geography.

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is Libya.

Key Points

• Location of the Record: The highest temperature ever recorded in the world was in Libya. Specifically, this record was set in the town of Al 'Aziziyah, which is located northwest of the Libyan capital, Tripoli.
• Date of the Record: The record-setting temperature was measured on September 13, 1922.
• Measured Temperature: The temperature reached an astonishing 58 degrees Celsius (136.4 degrees Fahrenheit). This extreme temperature set the world record for the highest recorded temperature on Earth.
• Verification and Controversy: The temperature record in Libya has been subject to scrutiny and debate. For many years, meteorologists and climate scientists have examined the accuracy of this record due to potential issues with the measuring equipment and the method used at the time. Despite this, it remained the official highest temperature recorded for nearly 90 years.
• Subsequent Developments: In 2012, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) conducted an investigation and decided to invalidate the Libyan record due to several concerns, including problematic instrumentation and an inexperienced observer. This led to the recognition of Death Valley, California, USA, as having the highest recorded temperature of 56.7 degrees Celsius (134 degrees Fahrenheit) on July 10, 1913. However, the Libyan record remains a significant part of meteorological history.
• Importance of Record: This record is a testament to the extreme conditions our planet can produce. It serves as an important data point for understanding Earth's climate system, the variability of desert temperatures, and the potential impacts of heatwaves on human health and the environment.
• Libya's Climate: Libya's climate is characterized by its hot, dry desert conditions. The Sahara Desert, which covers much of Libya, is one of the hottest regions in the world, experiencing extreme temperatures during the summer months. This makes Libya a plausible location for such extreme temperature records.
• Global Perspective: While the Libyan record has been a point of contention, it underscores the importance of accurate, reliable weather recording practices and the need for ongoing verification by meteorological authorities. It also highlights how extreme weather conditions, including high temperatures, are of interest not only to scientists but also to the general public due to their implications for climate change and human habitation.

The correct answer is Hwang Ho.

Key Points

• The Hwang Ho River, also known as the Yellow River, is referred to as the 'grief of China' due to its frequent and devastating floods.
• It is the second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world, with a length of about 5,464 kilometers.
• The river's basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, making it a significant cultural and historical landmark.
• Efforts have been made to control and manage the river's flow to prevent future disasters, including the construction of dams and levees.

Additional Information

• Yangtze River
  • The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, stretching about 6,300 kilometers.
  • It plays a crucial role in China's economy, serving as a major transportation route and providing water for agriculture and industry.
  • The Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity, is located on the Yangtze River.
• Heilongjiang River
  • The Heilongjiang River, also known as the Amur River, forms part of the border between China and Russia.
  • It has a length of about 4,444 kilometers.
  • The river is significant for its biodiversity, supporting a variety of fish species and other wildlife.
• Tarim River
  • The Tarim River is the longest inland river in China, located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
  • It flows through the Taklamakan Desert, one of the largest sandy deserts in the world.
  • The river is crucial for irrigation and agriculture in the arid region it traverses.

Key Points

• The Atacama Desert is a plateau desert located in South America, primarily in Chile.
• It is known as the driest non-polar desert in the world.
• The desert sits on a plateau west of the Andes Mountains, making it a unique geographical feature.
• The Atacama's extreme aridity is due to the rain shadow effect of the Andes and the cold Humboldt Current along the coast.

Additional Information

• Gobi Desert: The Gobi Desert is a vast desert region in Asia, covering parts of northern China and southern Mongolia. It is known for its extreme temperature variations and is primarily a cold desert. It is not a plateau desert but is characterized by rocky terrain and sparse vegetation.
• Thar Desert: Also known as the Great Indian Desert, the Thar Desert is located in India and Pakistan. It is the most densely populated desert in the world and is characterized by sand dunes, rocky terrain, and sparse vegetation. It is not classified as a plateau desert.
• Namib Desert: The Namib Desert is located in southern Africa, stretching along the Atlantic coast of Angola, Namibia, and South Africa. It is one of the oldest deserts in the world and is known for its high sand dunes and arid climate. It is not a plateau desert but rather a coastal desert.

The correct answer is 35.

Key Points

• The average salinity of seawater is about 35 grams per kilogram (g/kg) of seawater, or 35 ppt.
• Seawater generally ranges from 33 ppt to 38 ppt. Freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams contain some dissolved matter—1 ppt or less.
• Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and seawater, below approximately 33 ppt.
• Hypersaline water, or brine, is very salty seawater, above approximately 38 ppt.

Additional Information

• Salinity, which is measured in parts per thousand (ppt), is the amount of salt in grams per kilogram of saltwater.
  • The number of parts, or grams, of salt there are per thousand parts, or kilogram (1,000 g), of seawater is known as parts per thousand.
  • The term "parts per thousand" (ppt) is frequently used. 
  • Both temperature and salinity affect density.
  • A hydrometer can be used to determine the density of a liquid by measuring the level at which the hydrometer floats in it.

The correct answer is 'Kosmos'

Key Points

• Kosmos:
  • Kosmos is considered the first formal and comprehensive book on geography, written by the eminent German scholar Alexander von Humboldt.
  • The book aimed to unify diverse branches of scientific knowledge about the physical world and is often seen as laying the foundation of modern physical geography.
  • Published in multiple volumes starting in 1845, Kosmos introduced the idea of treating geography as a holistic science interconnected with astronomy, geology, meteorology, and biology.
  • It emphasized empirical observation and the interrelation of phenomena, setting the tone for later geographical studies.

Additional Information

• Geographica:
  • Written by the ancient Greek scholar Strabo around 7 BCE, it was a monumental descriptive work on the known world at that time.
  • While it contributed significantly to classical geographical knowledge, it was more descriptive and lacked the scientific and integrative approach found in Kosmos.
• Guide to Geography:
  • This is commonly attributed to Claudius Ptolemy, a Greco-Roman mathematician and geographer, in the 2nd century CE.
  • It introduced the concepts of cartography and coordinate systems but was focused more on mathematical geography rather than a holistic scientific framework.
• Periods Ges:
  • This is not recognized as a standard geographical work and does not hold significance in the formal history of geographical literature.
  • It appears to be either a misinterpretation or an incorrect option not related to mainstream geographical foundations.

Important Points

• Alexander von Humboldt is known as the Father of Modern Geography for his scientific approach and contribution through Kosmos.
• He emphasized the principle of unity in diversity in geographical phenomena and pioneered ecological and environmental studies.
• Kosmos influenced many scientists and explorers, including Charles Darwin, due to its interdisciplinary and systematic analysis of nature.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Key PointsThe Continent of Antarctica

• Antarctica is renowned for having the highest average elevation of all the continents. This is primarily due to the vast ice sheets that cover the majority of the continent. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• • The average elevation of Antarctica is about 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), making it the highest continent.
• Mount Vinson is recognized as the highest peak in Antarctica, standing at an elevation of 4,892 meters (16,050 feet) above sea level.
  • It is located in the Ellsworth Mountains, which are situated in the interior part of the Western Hemisphere portion of the continent. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Additional Information

• Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent and is nearly twice the size of Australia. It is the southernmost continent and is situated around the South Pole.
• It is covered by an ice sheet that contains approximately 90% of the world's fresh water. The thickness of the ice can average 1.9 kilometers (1.2 miles).
  • This vast ice sheet plays a critical role in the earth's climate, reflecting a significant amount of the sun's energy back into space.
• The continent is surrounded by the Southern Ocean and does not have a permanent population. It hosts researchers and scientists from around the world who study its environment and ecosystems.
• Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which establishes the region as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.
  • The treaty was signed in 1959 and has been ratified by numerous countries.
• The Antarctic climate is extremely cold, making it the coldest continent. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth, -89.2°C (-128.6°F), was at Russia's Vostok Station in Antarctica.
• Global warming and climate change pose significant threats to Antarctica's ice sheets, which could have global implications for sea-level rise and climate patterns.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

Diastrophism:

• All processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth’s crust come under diastrophism.
• Diastrophism is an endogenic geomorphic process.
• It includes:
  • Orogenic processes involving mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth’s crust;
  • Epeirogenic processes involving the uplift or warping of large parts of the earth’s crust;
  • Earthquakes involving local relatively minor movements; .
  • Plate tectonics involves horizontal movements of crustal plates.
• Therefore, Heterogenic processes do not come under diastrophism. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
• In the process of orogeny, the crust is severely deformed into folds.
• Due to Epeirogeny, there may be simple deformation. Orogeny is a mountain-building process whereas Epeirogeny is a continental-building process.
• Through the processes of orogeny, epeirogeny, earthquakes and plate tectonics, there can be faulting and fracturing of the crust.
• All these processes cause pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) changes which in turn induce the metamorphism of rocks.

The Correct answer is Option 3. 

Key Points

•  The Batagaika Crater is not located in Australia. It is situated in Siberia, Russia. Specifically, it is in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the Russian Far East. Therefore, this statement is not correct. 
• The Batagaika Crater has indeed become an important site for scientists studying the impacts of climate change on permafrost, as the thawing of permafrost in the area provides insights into environmental changes. 
• The Batagaika Crater is often referred to as the "Gateway to the Underworld," not "The Sky-in." This nickname is due to the crater's large and mysterious appearance.
• When permafrost thaws, it releases significant quantities of organic carbon into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. This is a well-documented phenomenon in regions experiencing permafrost melt.
• Hence Statement 1 and 2 are NOT Correct , Hence Option 3 is Correct. 

The Correct answer is Option 2. 

Key PointsAssertion (A):

• The Peru Desert, also known as the Atacama Desert, is classified as a cold desert due to its geographical location and climatic conditions.
• Analysis: This assertion is true.

Reason (R):

• The Humboldt Current is a cold oceanic current that influences the climate of coastal areas along the western coast of South America, including the Peru Desert.
• Analysis: This statement is also true, as the cold current does impact coastal conditions. However, it does not directly explain why the Peru Desert is classified as a cold desert; rather, it affects the overall climate in the region
• Hence Option 2 is correct. 

Key Points

• Ladang is a type of slash and burn agriculture practiced in Indonesia.
• Milpa refers to a form of slash and burn agriculture common in Central America.
• Roca is a term used for slash and burn agriculture in Brazil.
• Masole is a form of slash and burn agriculture practiced in Central Africa.

Additional Information

• Slash and burn agriculture is a method of cultivation where forests are cut and burned to create fields for agriculture. This method is often used by indigenous communities in tropical regions.
• Ladang in Indonesia involves clearing forests by cutting and burning vegetation to create temporary agricultural plots. The fertility of the soil is maintained by rotating fields.
• Milpa is an ancient agricultural practice in Central America, primarily used by the Maya civilization. It involves rotating fields to grow crops such as maize, beans, and squash.
• Roca is a traditional farming method in Brazil, used in the Amazon rainforest. It involves clearing small patches of forest to cultivate crops for a few years before letting the forest regenerate.
• Masole is practiced in Central Africa, where small plots of land are cleared and cultivated for a few years before moving to new areas. This method is sustainable if population density is low and fallow periods are long.