Human Diseases MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Human Diseases - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4, E-5.

Key Points

• Scurvy: This disease is associated with a deficiency of Vitamin C. It leads to symptoms like bleeding gums, bruising, and fatigue. Foods rich in Vitamin C like citrus fruits (oranges, lemons), tomatoes, and green vegetables can prevent scurvy.
• Goitre: Caused due to a deficiency of iodine, it results in the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. The use of iodized salt is an effective preventive measure.
• Night Blindness: This condition is linked to a deficiency of Vitamin A. It impairs vision in low light or darkness. Consuming Vitamin A-rich foods like carrots, sweet potatoes, and spinach can help combat this condition.
• Rickets: This disease is due to a deficiency of Vitamin D, leading to weak and soft bones in children. Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health. Sunlight exposure and foods like fortified milk and fish are rich sources of Vitamin D.
• Anaemia: This condition arises from a deficiency of iron, leading to reduced red blood cell production and symptoms like fatigue and weakness. Iron-rich foods such as green leafy vegetables, meat, and legumes help prevent anaemia.

Additional Information

• Vitamin C
  • Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin.
  • It plays a vital role in collagen synthesis, wound healing, and boosting immunity.
  • It is an antioxidant and helps in absorbing iron from plant-based foods.
• Iodine
  • Iodine is a trace mineral essential for the production of thyroid hormones.
  • It is found in foods like seafood, dairy products, and iodized salt.
  • A deficiency can lead to conditions like cretinism in children and goitre in adults.
• Vitamin A
  • Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin critical for vision, immune function, and reproduction.
  • It also supports cell growth and differentiation, helping maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
  • Sources include liver, dairy products, and orange or yellow vegetables.
• Vitamin D
  • Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, crucial for bone health.
  • It can be synthesized in the body through exposure to sunlight.
  • Deficiency can lead to conditions like osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
• Iron
  • Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
  • Iron is found in both heme sources (meat, poultry, fish) and non-heme sources (plant-based foods).
  • Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant sources.

The correct answer is Diabetes.

Key Points

• Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. 
• This happens when the body has too little insulin (the hormone that transports glucose into the blood), or if the body can't use insulin properly. 
• Hyperglycemia is blood glucose greater than 125 mg/dL. 

Important Points

• Early symptoms of hyperglycemia include:
  • High blood sugar.
  • Increased thirst and/or hunger.
  • Blurred vision.
  • Frequent urination (peeing).
  • Headache.

Additional Information

• Major risk factors for hyperglycemia are:
  • Have a family history of type 2 diabetes.
  • Overweight.
  • High blood pressure or cholesterol.
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
  • History of gestational diabetes

The correct answer is tuberculosis (TB).

Key Points

• BCG stands for Bacille Calmette-Guerin.
• It is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease.
• Tuberculosis (TB) disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Tuberculosis (TB) usually attacks the lungs.
• BCG vaccine was first considered by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization in its thirteenth report.
• BCG vaccine is one of the most widely used of all current vaccines.
• BCG vaccine has a documented protective effect against meningitis and disseminated TB in children.

Additional Information 

Option 1 is correct, i.e. Typhoid fever.

• Typhoid fever: 
  • It can be diagnosed with the Widal test. 
  • Widal test is named after Georges-Fernand Widal (inventor). 
  • The test detects agglutinating antibodies against the O and H antigens of Salmonella Typhi Bacteria.

Extra facts: 

• To diagnose Tuberculosis, a blood test is sufficient to find the bacteria.
• AIDS can be diagnosed by ELISA-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
• The study of Cancer is Oncology.

Influenza disease is caused by a Virus.

Trick: Virus influence many Diseases

The correct answer is Cadmium.
Key Points

• Cadmium (Cd) causes Itai-Itai disease.
  • It was first recognized in Japan in the 1960s.
  • It is a result of human activities associated with industrialization.
  • Osteomalacia with severe bone pain is a symptom of Itai-Itai illness.
  • It is also a cause of renal tubular failure.

Additional Information

The correct answer is Virus.

Key Points

• Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the chikungunya virus.
• Viruses are small intracellular parasites, which contain either an RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat.
• A complete virus particle is called a virion.
• Viruses are inert outside the host cell and can be crystallized.
• The main purpose of a virus is to deliver its genome into the host cell to allow its transcription and translation by the host cell.
• A bacteriophage is a virus that destroys bacteria.

Additional Information

• Non-chlorophyllous bacterium - Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. They can be the cause of various diseases, but Chikungunya is not caused by any bacterial agent, whether it possesses chlorophyll or not. Chlorophyll is related to the ability of some bacteria (and plants) to perform photosynthesis, which is irrelevant to the conversation about the disease's causative agent.
• Nematode - Nematodes, or roundworms, are a type of parasitic worm that can cause various diseases in humans, plants, and animals. 
• Fungus - Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be single-celled or multicellular. They can cause diseases in humans, known as mycoses, which can range from superficial, affecting the skin, to systemic, affecting multiple body systems. 

The correct answer is Virus.

Key Points

• Dengue is caused by the Dengue virus and mosquito-borne viral disease.
• The dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes called – Aedes aegypti.
• These dengue mosquitos are found everywhere (Both inside and outside the house) and generally bite during the daytime.
• These mosquitos are found to be at the peak of their activeness at dawn and dusk.
• The symptoms of the disease can develop only after 6 to 10 days after bitten by an infected mosquito.

The correct answer is Shigella.

• Dysentery is an infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea containing blood.

Important Points

• Dysentery is caused by shigella bacteria.
  • It is spread by contaminated water and food
  • Dysentery caused by Shigella is also called as Bacillary dysentery or shigellosis.
  • Shigella is a rod-shaped bacteria under the Enterobacteriaceae family.
  • Shigella is genetically closely related to E. coli.

Mistake Points

• Dysentery can be caused by bacteria as well as protozoa.
• The dysentery caused by protozoa is called amoebic dysentery or amoebiasis because the causative organism is Entamoeba histolytica.

Additional Information

• Cholerae is the disease caused by the Vibrio cholera bacteria.
• Tuberculosis is the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.
• Diseases like rheumatic fever, impetigo, scarlet fever, puerperal fever are caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria.

The correct answer is Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin.

Explanation:

• A vaccine stimulates a person's immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease. 
• Vaccines are introduced to build passively acquired immunity against various diseases.
• Vaccines are usually administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.​

Tuberculosis:

• Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
• Symptoms of tuberculosis include blood-stained cough, fever, loss of appetite, sweating, fatigue or weakness, severe loss of weight, chest pain, shortness of breath, etc.
• Usually, this bacterium infects the upper respiratory tract.
• The infection can spread to any organ like the kidney, spine & even in severe cases the brain also.
• Tuberculosis is a communicable disease.
• To protect people from getting infected by tuberculosis, BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) vaccine was developed.
• BCG vaccine is administered to infants and children. 
• The vaccine was developed by French bacteriologists Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin in 1921.

​Thus, the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis immunisation was developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin.

Additional Information

Smallpox:

• It was one of the deadliest diseases known to humans.
• To date, it is the only human disease to have been eradicated by vaccination.
• Small Pox is caused due to Variola Virus.
• The smallpox vaccine, introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796, was the first successful vaccine to be developed.​

Polio:

• It is a viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in the spinal cord, causing paralysis or muscle weakness to some parts of the body.
• The virus is transmitted by person-to-person. 
• It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and by contaminated water or food.
• A live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and first used in 1961.
• An inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk and first used in 1955.​

Rabies:

• ​Louis Pasteur developed the earliest effective vaccine against rabies that was first used to treat a human bite victim on 6 July 1885.
• Rabies was a dreaded and horrible disease that had fascinated popular imagination for centuries because of its mysterious origin and the fear it generated.
• Pasteur produced the vaccine by attenuating the virus in rabbits and subsequently harvesting it from their spinal cords.

The correct answer is the Varicella virus.

• Chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
  • It is characterized by itchy red blisters that appear all over the body.

Additional Information

• Cholera is a bacterial disease called by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae.
• Typhoid fever is caused by Bacillus typhous.
• Amebiasis is a disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

The correct answer is protozoa.

• Malaria and Kala Azar are caused by protozoa.
• Protozoa is a group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms.

Important Points

• The protozoa causing malaria is Plasmodium.
  • Malaria disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected female anopheles mosquito.
  • This will leads to the destruction of Red blood cells and hence the deficiency of blood occurs.
  • The treatment of malaria id done by using medicines like chloroquine, quinine,peludrine etc.
• The protozoa causing Kala Azar is Leishmania donovani.
  • Kala Azar disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected sandfly.

Additional Information

The correct answer is tuberculosis (TB).

Key Points

• BCG stands for Bacille Calmette-Guerin.
• It is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease.
• Tuberculosis (TB) disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Tuberculosis (TB) usually attacks the lungs.
• BCG vaccine was first considered by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization in its thirteenth report.
• BCG vaccine is one of the most widely used of all current vaccines.
• BCG vaccine has a documented protective effect against meningitis and disseminated TB in children.

Additional Information