Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Learning Theories and Instructional Strategies - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - Operant Conditioning

Key Points

• Operant Conditioning
  • Programme learning is based on Operant Conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner.
  • It emphasizes learning through reinforcement (positive or negative) following specific behaviors.
  • In programme learning, learners are presented with structured information and rewarded for correct responses, promoting active engagement.
  • This method relies on step-by-step progression to ensure mastery of concepts.
  • Feedback plays a crucial role, guiding learners and reinforcing correct answers.

Additional Information

• Key Components of Operant Conditioning
  • Reinforcement
    • Positive reinforcement involves providing rewards to strengthen desired behavior.
    • Negative reinforcement involves removing unpleasant stimuli to encourage behavior.
  • Punishment
    • Used to weaken undesirable behaviors, either through presentation of unpleasant stimuli (positive punishment) or removal of pleasant stimuli (negative punishment).
  • Shaping
    • A method where complex behaviors are taught by reinforcing successive approximations toward the target behavior.
• Programme Learning Characteristics
  • Self-paced learning allows individuals to progress according to their own understanding.
  • Content is broken into small, manageable steps.
  • Immediate feedback helps learners identify and correct errors.
  • Encourages active participation and reduces passive learning.

Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behavior, knowledge, and skill as a result of practice and experience. It represents a progressive change in behavior.

Important Points There are many factors that affect learning and mental aspect is one of them. Mental aspects are the elements of one's mental organization that limit or enhance the ways one learn and think.

Mental aspects that affect learning include:

• Attitude
• Prejudice
• Innate abilities
• Open-mindedness
• Emotional conditions
• Interest and motivation

Hence, it could be concluded that 'innate abilities' are a learner's mental aspect that affects learning.

NOTE: Age and health are the physiological factors that affect learning.

The 5 E’s of constructivism are Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate

Constructivism

• Constructivism is the theory that says learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information.
• As people experience the world and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge (schemas).
• The 5E Instructional Model is a constructivist model with 5 stages: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate.
• The first stage of the model starts by accessing the students’ prior knowledge. 
• Then, connections are established between this prior knowledge and new knowledge, which is acquired by means of investigation and discoveries.
• The 5E model provides direct instruction of ideas that students would not be able to discover on their own, as well as opportunities to demonstrate understanding through practical application.
  1. Engage: Capture the learner's attention, stimulate their thinking and help them access prior knowledge. For this, the teacher has to create a situation to arouse curiosity among learners.
  2. Explore: Give time to learners to plan, investigate and collect information and to think and reflect on the data to organize it, to make preliminary meaning. For this, teachers have to facilitate learners with various activities such as group work, discussion, etc.
  3. Explain: Encourage and involve learners in group work to share and analyze the data they gathered.
  4. Elaborate: Provide learners with an opportunity to extend and codify their understanding of the concept and/or apply it to real-world situations. Learners are to be encouraged and guided to apply, interpret, extend and enhance the new concept (scaffolding). Teachers have to facilitate and guide learners in expanding their understanding and developing interpretative /creative abilities as well as reflective and critical thinking.
  5. Evaluate: Evaluation of learners’ conceptual understanding and ability to use skills begins at the stage of engage and continues throughout the model. 

Conclusion:

Constructivism is a learning and teaching model which assumes all individuals have prior knowledge, concepts, and ideas that act as a starting point from which to understand and integrate new knowledge. The 5 E’s of constructivism are Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate. Hence, option (1) is correct.

Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behavior, knowledge, and skill as a result of practice and experience. It represents a progressive change in behavior.

Important Points There are many factors that affect learning and mental aspect is one of them. Mental aspects are the elements of one's mental organization that limit or enhance the ways one learn and think.

Mental aspects that affect learning include:

• Attitude
• Prejudice
• Innate abilities
• Open-mindedness
• Emotional conditions
• Interest and motivation

Hence, it could be concluded that 'innate abilities' are a learner's mental aspect that affects learning.

NOTE: Age and health are the physiological factors that affect learning.

Learning is a comprehensive process that refers to a change in behavior, knowledge, and skill as a result of practice and experience. It represents a progressive change in behavior.

Important Points There are many factors that affect learning and mental aspect is one of them. Mental aspects are the elements of one's mental organization that limit or enhance the ways one learn and think.

Mental aspects that affect learning include:

• Attitude
• Prejudice
• Innate abilities
• Open-mindedness
• Emotional conditions
• Interest and motivation

Hence, it could be concluded that 'innate abilities' are a learner's mental aspect that affects learning.

NOTE: Age and health are the physiological factors that affect learning.

The 5 E’s of constructivism are Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate

Constructivism

• Constructivism is the theory that says learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information.
• As people experience the world and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge (schemas).
• The 5E Instructional Model is a constructivist model with 5 stages: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate.
• The first stage of the model starts by accessing the students’ prior knowledge. 
• Then, connections are established between this prior knowledge and new knowledge, which is acquired by means of investigation and discoveries.
• The 5E model provides direct instruction of ideas that students would not be able to discover on their own, as well as opportunities to demonstrate understanding through practical application.
  1. Engage: Capture the learner's attention, stimulate their thinking and help them access prior knowledge. For this, the teacher has to create a situation to arouse curiosity among learners.
  2. Explore: Give time to learners to plan, investigate and collect information and to think and reflect on the data to organize it, to make preliminary meaning. For this, teachers have to facilitate learners with various activities such as group work, discussion, etc.
  3. Explain: Encourage and involve learners in group work to share and analyze the data they gathered.
  4. Elaborate: Provide learners with an opportunity to extend and codify their understanding of the concept and/or apply it to real-world situations. Learners are to be encouraged and guided to apply, interpret, extend and enhance the new concept (scaffolding). Teachers have to facilitate and guide learners in expanding their understanding and developing interpretative /creative abilities as well as reflective and critical thinking.
  5. Evaluate: Evaluation of learners’ conceptual understanding and ability to use skills begins at the stage of engage and continues throughout the model. 

Conclusion:

Constructivism is a learning and teaching model which assumes all individuals have prior knowledge, concepts, and ideas that act as a starting point from which to understand and integrate new knowledge. The 5 E’s of constructivism are Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate. Hence, option (1) is correct.

The correct answer is - Operant Conditioning

Key Points

• Operant Conditioning
  • Programme learning is based on Operant Conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner.
  • It emphasizes learning through reinforcement (positive or negative) following specific behaviors.
  • In programme learning, learners are presented with structured information and rewarded for correct responses, promoting active engagement.
  • This method relies on step-by-step progression to ensure mastery of concepts.
  • Feedback plays a crucial role, guiding learners and reinforcing correct answers.

Additional Information

• Key Components of Operant Conditioning
  • Reinforcement
    • Positive reinforcement involves providing rewards to strengthen desired behavior.
    • Negative reinforcement involves removing unpleasant stimuli to encourage behavior.
  • Punishment
    • Used to weaken undesirable behaviors, either through presentation of unpleasant stimuli (positive punishment) or removal of pleasant stimuli (negative punishment).
  • Shaping
    • A method where complex behaviors are taught by reinforcing successive approximations toward the target behavior.
• Programme Learning Characteristics
  • Self-paced learning allows individuals to progress according to their own understanding.
  • Content is broken into small, manageable steps.
  • Immediate feedback helps learners identify and correct errors.
  • Encourages active participation and reduces passive learning.