Plagiarism MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Plagiarism - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is -  UGC mandates institutions to use plagiarism detection tools

Key Points

• UGC mandates the use of plagiarism detection tools
  • Under the UGC's 2018 Plagiarism Regulations, institutions must use plagiarism detection software to ensure research integrity.
  • The regulation encourages institutions to establish mechanisms for preventing plagiarism in academic and research papers.
  • Plagiarism detection tools are critical in identifying copied content, ensuring proper citations, and maintaining academic honesty.

Additional Information

• Plagiarism Regulations
  • The UGC's 2018 regulations define plagiarism as presenting someone else's work, ideas, or intellectual property as one's own.
  • Research misconduct, including plagiarism, is subject to penalties ranging from penalties to disqualification, depending on the severity of the violation.
  • Plagiarism can include direct copying, paraphrasing without proper citation, and using the same work in multiple publications (self-plagiarism).
• Accountability for Plagiarism
  • Plagiarism is not restricted to students alone; faculty members are also held accountable for research misconduct.
  • Plagiarism affects the credibility of academic research and violates ethical standards within academic publishing.

The correct answer is - 10 percent

Key Points

• UGC Guidelines on Plagiarism
  • According to the University Grants Commission (UGC) guidelines, plagiarism is a serious academic offense.
  • The guidelines specify different levels of penalties based on the percentage of similarity in the text.
  • A similarity of up to 10 percent does not invite any penalty.

Additional Information

• Plagiarism Levels and Penalties
  • UGC guidelines categorize plagiarism into four levels:
    • Level 0: Similarities up to 10% - No penalty.
    • Level 1: Similarities above 10% and up to 40% - Written warning and resubmission of the work.
    • Level 2: Similarities above 40% and up to 60% - Debarment from submitting a revised script for 1 year.
    • Level 3: Similarities above 60% - Cancellation of registration.
  • Understanding these levels helps in maintaining academic integrity and avoiding severe penalties.
• Academic Integrity
  • Academic integrity is crucial for maintaining trust and credibility in educational institutions.
  • Students and researchers are encouraged to produce original work and properly cite sources to avoid plagiarism.

The correct answer is - Submit a revised script

Key Points

• Level 1 plagiarism refers to similarities in submitted work that range from above 10% to 40%.
• In this case, the penalty involves asking the student to submit a revised script within a stipulated time frame, typically not exceeding six months.
• This approach allows students to correct their work and maintain academic integrity, reinforcing the importance of originality in research and writing.
• By providing an opportunity for revision, institutions encourage students to learn from their mistakes and improve their academic skills.
• The goal of this penalty is not only to address the issue of plagiarism but also to promote ethical academic practices.

Additional Information

• Level 0 plagiarism (up to 10% similarities) incurs no penalty, as it is considered minor.
• Level 2 plagiarism (above 40% to 60% similarities) results in the student being debarred from resubmitting their work for one year.
• Level 3 plagiarism (above 60% similarities) leads to cancellation of the student's registration for the program.

The correct answer is - Up to 10%

Key Points

• Level 0 plagiarism is defined as having similarities of up to 10% in a submitted work.
• This level indicates minor similarities that do not warrant any penalties, as they are often considered inconsequential in academic settings.
• Such similarities could arise from common phrases, terminology, or widely accepted knowledge, which do not violate academic integrity.
• Recognizing Level 0 plagiarism helps institutions distinguish between genuine academic misconduct and minor overlaps that are acceptable.
• Understanding this level is crucial for students and researchers to ensure that their work maintains high standards of originality.

Additional Information

• Level 1 plagiarism involves similarities above 10% to 40%, which may require revisions to avoid academic penalties.
• Level 2 plagiarism indicates similarities above 40% to 60%, leading to more severe consequences, such as being barred from resubmission for a year.
• Level 3 plagiarism represents similarities above 60%, resulting in cancellation of student registration for the program.

The correct answer is - Provide access to plagiarism detection software

Key Points

• ShodhShuddhi
  • The ShodhShuddhi initiative was launched by the Ministry of Education (MoE), Government of India, to provide access to Plagiarism Detection Software (PDS) for universities and institutions across India.
  • Under ShodhShuddhi, 1100+ institutions were identified, including Central Universities, State Universities, Deemed to be Universities, Private Universities, Centrally funded Technical Institutions (CFTIs), and Inter-University Centres (IUCs) of UGC.
  • The initiative provided access to Ouriginal (formerly Urkund), a web-based plagiarism detection software system, until the contract concluded on September 30, 2023.
  • Starting from October 1, 2023, the INFLIBNET Centre offers 'DrillBit-Extreme Plagiarism Detection Software' as part of the same ShodhShuddhi initiative, with the trial phase in October 2023 and full service commencing on November 1, 2023.
  • The initiative was officially inaugurated on September 21, 2019, by the Former Minister of Education.

Ethics, which means rules of conduct or moral principles, gain importance when it comes to the domain of research because the outcome of the research is directly influenced by the integrity of the researcher.

Key Points

Plagiarism:

• Plagiarism is a moral, ethical and legal issue.
• It is unscrupulously copying from someone else’s work and making use of it without their knowledge.           

• It occurs when an individual lifts someone else’s intellectual works such as ideas, opinions or writings as such or in a modified form and passes them off as his/her original work with or without permission.
• Few explicit examples of Plagiarism are:

1. Copying sentences or paragraphs from books and articles without quotation marks
2. Taking credit for work created or done by somebody else
3. Copying from Internet sources through “cut and paste”
4. Producing a written work as independent work when it has been produced with the unacknowledged help of another person.
5. Using any of your own previously published works such as texts, articles, and research results, and make it look new (self-plagiarism).

Additional Information

• Creative use of data is not plagiarism because the data is subjected to further intellectual processing.
• Quoting or citing gives credit to the original author and so it is not copying of information from others.
• Referring to previous data and working on it with new objectives makes it a novel study as the results obtained wouldn’t be the same.

Hence, it is clear from the given points that plagiarism in research is copying unscrupulously and making use of it.

Detection of plagiarism or detection of material similarities is the method of identifying plagiarism and/or copyright infringement instances within a work or text. It was made easier to plagiarise the work of others by the widespread use of computers and the invention of the Internet. Turnitin is a software used to check plagiarism in higher education institutions.

Turnitin: 

• Turnitin is an originality checking and plagiarism prevention service that checks your writing for citation mistakes or inappropriate copying. 
• It Identifies unoriginal content with the world’s most effective plagiarism detection solution.
• It manages potential academic misconduct by highlighting similarities to the world’s largest collection of internet, academic, and student paper content. 
• It addresses contract cheating with confidence. Data-driven insights help determine whether students are doing their own work, enabling you to uphold your institution’s commitment to educational excellence. 
• It empowers students to think critically and take ownership of their work. Easy-to-use feedback and grading features facilitate instructional intervention and save time both in and outside of the classroom. 

Sound forge: 

• Sound Forge is a digital audio editing suite by Magix Software GmbH in the field of digital audio production for over 20 years.
• It is aimed at the professional and semi-professional markets. 

Grammarly: 

• Grammarly’s AI-powered applications are used to make messages, documents, and social media posts clear, mistake-free, and impactful.
• Grammarly is an Inc. 500 company with offices in San Francisco, New York, Kyiv, and Vancouver. 
• Grammarly’s sophisticated AI not only corrects the grammatical mistakes but also makes the writing more understandable and helps to make the right impression on the reader based on the audience and goals.

Fast Pencil: 

• FastPencil is Software in the Cloud.
• It’s the fastest and easiest way to write, publish, and sell print books and eBooks—anywhere.

​Hence, Turnitin is a plagiarism checker.

Plagiarism is the act of using another person's words or ideas without properly citing them.

Key Points

• Plagiarism in academic writing refers to the use of ideas, phrases, or data from a source without properly attributing it.
• Plagiarism is the false depiction of another person's words, ideas, or expressions as one's own unique work. 
• It may be penalized in court for discrimination brought about by copyright infringement, violations of moral rights, or torts, just like counterfeiting.
• Some of the tools used for checking plagiarism such as Turnitin, Urkund, ithenticate, Dupli Checker and Grammarly etc. 

Thus, Latex is not used for checking plagiarism. 

Additional Information

• Turnitin: It is a plagiarism detection tool that has access to the majority of content databases and makes use of the industry-leading plagiarism detection technology
• iThenticate: Its tool can be used to check papers and proposals before submission by faculty and graduate students. S&T academics, employees, and graduate students get free access 
• Urkund: It is an Indigenous plagiarism tool developed by the Ministry of Education for all Universities and Institutes and managed by INFLIBNET. 

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886):

• The Berne Convention deals with the protection of works and the rights of their authors.
• It is based on three basic principles and contains a series of provisions determining the minimum protection to be granted, as well as special provisions available to developing countries that want to make use of them.
• The minimum standards of protection relate to the works and rights to be protected.
• The Berne Convention allows certain limitations and exceptions on economic rights, that is, cases in which protected works may be used without the authorization of the owner of the copyright, and without payment of compensation.
• It provides creators such as authors, musicians, poets, painters, etc. with the means to control how their works are used, by whom, and on what terms.
• Signatories of the Convention constitute the Berne Copyright Union.

Hence, 'BERN CONVENTION' (1886) is concerned with Copyright.

Plagiarism

• Plagiarism or appropriating someone else's ideas, materials, products as one's own, plagiarism can be Intra-carpal (one copying from another in the same submission), extra-carpal (copying from an external source like a book, journal, internet), or auto-plagiarism (citing one’s own work without reference/ acknowledgement).                    
• Plagiarism refers to the act of copying an idea or presenting thereof and presenting it as one’s own. In simple terms, plagiarism is stealing.
• Incorrect citation or no citation at all is one way of plagiarizing.
• Quoting a large amount of content of somebody’s work and presenting it without either the knowledge of the actual author or not referencing it to their credit, is plagiarism, which may consist of following points:
  • Make use of the work of another and misrepresent it as your own.
  • Drawing content from the work of another without acknowledging the source.
  • Paraphrasing too closely to the original text.

Further, let us understand the types of Plagiarism:

Types of Plagiarism:

Intentional or Unintentional

Intentional plagiarism occurs when the author deliberately, intentionally or knowingly copies entire text, paragraph or data and presents as its own.

• Unintentional occurs when the author either is not aware of such research, is unaware of the ethics in writing or does not know how to cite and thus presents similar articles.

• Wrongly quoting an author, wrong citation or no citation at all, are all forms of unintended plagiarism that may occur to carelessness and negligence of the researcher.

Mosaic/Patch writing

• This happens when a new author uses the previous article text by replacing, reordering or rephrasing the words or sentences to give it a new look without acknowledging the original author.

Self-Plagiarism

• When a researcher publishes his own previously published material, is called self-plagiarism.
• This happens when the author has added research on a previously published article, book, contributed chapter, journal, and presents it as a new without acknowledging the first article or taking permission from the previous publisher.
• Submission of the same article to multiple journals to increase the chances of publication or making multiple articles from a single article is another form of plagiarism.

So, using someone else’s research without the acknowledgement is called Plagiarism, that’s why drawing content from another work and adapting it with due acknowledgement is not a plagiarism.

Plagiarism:

1. Plagiarism is a malafide act wherein the researcher copies the text or other information from the works of others in an unauthorized way and presents them as his own work.
2. Plagiarism involves any unauthorized access to the research work of others in the form of copying exact words or replacing the original words with similar meaning, reproducing already published works, claiming information without any concrete source of evidence, or presenting dubious contents or unreliable statistics or facts.

However, Plagiarism doesn't count if the information presented is a universal truth or comes under the domain of common knowledge known to the public naturally as common knowledge is not the copyright of any particular person or literary work.

Therefore, drawing information or content from the work of another without acknowledging the source by citing a reference is considered to be plagiarism in all of the cases except when the information describes common knowledge.

Ethics, which means rules of conduct or moral principles, gain importance when it comes to the domain of research because the outcome of the research is directly influenced by the integrity of the researcher.

Key Points

Plagiarism:

• Plagiarism is a moral, ethical and legal issue.
• It is unscrupulously copying from someone else’s work and making use of it without their knowledge.           

• It occurs when an individual lifts someone else’s intellectual works such as ideas, opinions or writings as such or in a modified form and passes them off as his/her original work with or without permission.
• Few explicit examples of Plagiarism are:

1. Copying sentences or paragraphs from books and articles without quotation marks
2. Taking credit for work created or done by somebody else
3. Copying from Internet sources through “cut and paste”
4. Producing a written work as independent work when it has been produced with the unacknowledged help of another person.
5. Using any of your own previously published works such as texts, articles, and research results, and make it look new (self-plagiarism).

Additional Information

• Creative use of data is not plagiarism because the data is subjected to further intellectual processing.
• Quoting or citing gives credit to the original author and so it is not copying of information from others.
• Referring to previous data and working on it with new objectives makes it a novel study as the results obtained wouldn’t be the same.

Hence, it is clear from the given points that plagiarism in research is copying unscrupulously and making use of it.

The correct answer is - Submit a revised script

Key Points

• Level 1 plagiarism refers to similarities in submitted work that range from above 10% to 40%.
• In this case, the penalty involves asking the student to submit a revised script within a stipulated time frame, typically not exceeding six months.
• This approach allows students to correct their work and maintain academic integrity, reinforcing the importance of originality in research and writing.
• By providing an opportunity for revision, institutions encourage students to learn from their mistakes and improve their academic skills.
• The goal of this penalty is not only to address the issue of plagiarism but also to promote ethical academic practices.

Additional Information

• Level 0 plagiarism (up to 10% similarities) incurs no penalty, as it is considered minor.
• Level 2 plagiarism (above 40% to 60% similarities) results in the student being debarred from resubmitting their work for one year.
• Level 3 plagiarism (above 60% similarities) leads to cancellation of the student's registration for the program.

Key Points 

• According to the University Grants Commission (UGC) Regulations from 2018, plagiarism is classified into different levels based on the amount of copied content compared to the original work.
• Level 3 plagiarism, as you've indicated, is defined as cases where the similarities are above 60%. This is the highest level of plagiarism in these regulations.
• This can mean that more than 60% of the work is not original to the author, but rather, it has been copied from someone else's work without proper citation or acknowledgment.
• Such high levels of plagiarism are taken very seriously in academic and research circles because it violates ethical guidelines, disrespects the originality of others' work, and undermines the credibility of research findings. The penalties for such violations are often severe and may include expulsion or cancellation of research output.
• Remember that the UGC regulations also emphasize the importance of instilling academic integrity and promoting responsible conduct of research. It is paramount to acknowledge the work of others that we use in our academic or research endeavors as it's apart of maintaining intellectual honesty.

Ethics, which means rules of conduct or moral principles, gain importance when it comes to the domain of research because the outcome of the research is directly influenced by the integrity of the researcher.

Plagiarism: Plagiarism is a moral, ethical and legal issue. It is copying someone else’s words or ideas and presenting them as your own without giving due credit. It’s considered dishonest and a breach of academic ethics. For example, citing passages from other texts without referencing.

Anti-Plagiarism Tools:

1. Turnitin:

• It is an Internet-based plagiarism-prevention commercial service created by iParadigms, LLC, first launched in 1997.
• Universities and high schools buy licenses to submit essays to the Turnitin website, which checks the documents for contents that are not original.
• The results can be used to identify similarities to existing sources and to help students learn how to avoid plagiarism and improve their writing.

2. URKIND: It offers a fully automated system for handling plagiarism. The students send their documents to their teachers by e-mail. The documents are checked against three central source areas: Internet, published material, and student material. If any document displays similarities with the content in the three sources, the system flags it for possible plagiarism.
3. EduTie.com: EduTie.com was founded in August 2000, and is designed to help institutions prevent Internet plagiarism. It is built on the PlagiServe (http:// www.plagiserve.com) core design. Papers submitted are compared to more than 1 billion “high risk” Web pages in an attempt to detect plagiarism.
4. Plagiarism.org: University of California Berkeley students and alumni created plagiarism.org to be used to detect plagiarism. One thing to watch out for is that the software doesn’t differentiate between quoted materials and original writing.

NOTE:

• http://www.researchgate.com - ResearchGate is a professional network for scientists and researchers who use it to share, discover and discuss research. The aim is to connect the world of science and make research open to all.
• http://www.editorial.elsevier.com - Used for manuscript submission for editorial services
• http://www.grammarly.com – It helps to detect grammar, spelling, punctuation, word choice and style mistakes in your writing.