Plant Kingdom MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Plant Kingdom - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Tetrasporic.

Explanation:

• Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms belonging to the family Gnetaceae. Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers, cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes.
• In gymnosperms, the development of the female gametophyte occurs within the ovule. This gametophyte arises from a megaspore, which is formed after meiosis in the megasporangium (nucellus).
• The female gametophyte in Gnetum is unique because it is tetrasporic, meaning that all four nuclei formed during meiosis contribute to the formation of the female gametophyte.

Other Options:

• Trisporic: This type of development involves the degeneration of one out of the four nuclei formed during meiosis, leaving three functional nuclei. This type of development is not observed in Gnetum.
• Bisporic: In bisporic development, two nuclei out of the four formed during meiosis remain functional, while the other two degenerate. This type of development is also not observed in Gnetum.
• Monosporic: In monosporic development, only one nucleus out of the four formed during meiosis remains functional, and the other three degenerate. This is the most common type of development in gymnosperms but is not applicable to Gnetum.

The correct answer is Pinus

Explanation:

• Vessel-less or trachea-less plants are plants that lack vessels in their xylem tissue. Vessels are specialized structures that aid in efficient water and nutrient transport in vascular plants.
• The xylem in such plants consists primarily of tracheids, which are elongated cells that conduct water and provide structural support.
• These plants belong to the gymnosperms, which are a group of seed-producing plants that lack flowers and fruits.
• Pinus:
  • Pinus is a gymnosperm and belongs to the conifer group.
  • It lacks xylem vessels and relies solely on tracheids for water conduction and structural support.
  • Tracheids are less efficient than vessels in conducting water, but their presence is characteristic of gymnosperms like Pinus.
• Jackfruit:
  • Jackfruit belongs to the angiosperms (flowering plants). Angiosperms have xylem vessels that are specialized for efficient water transport.
• Fan Palm (Tal):
  • Fan Palm is also an angiosperm and has xylem vessels for water conduction.
• Gnetum:
  • Gnetum is a gymnosperm, but it is unique among gymnosperms because its xylem contains both tracheids and vessels.

Explanation:

• A ligule is a small, scale-like structure present at the base of the leaf or its segments in certain plants. It is primarily found in members of the Lycopodiophyta group, such as Selaginella. The ligule is an important characteristic used to differentiate Selaginella from other plants in its group.
• The primary function of the ligule is believed to be related to protecting the growing leaf tissue and facilitating water absorption.
• The ligule is located at the base of the leaf, within a specialized structure called the leaf axil. It plays a role in protecting the developing leaf and may help with water retention and absorption.

Other Options:

• Azolla: Azolla is a genus of aquatic ferns commonly used as biofertilizers due to their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Azolla does not have ligules; its leaves are simple and adapted for floating on water surfaces.
• Equisetum: Equisetum, commonly known as horsetail, is a genus of vascular plants known for its jointed stems and lack of true leaves. Instead, it has tiny scale-like leaves arranged in whorls. Ligules are absent in Equisetum.
• Marsilea: Marsilea is a genus of aquatic or semi-aquatic ferns with clover-shaped leaves. These plants do not have ligules; their leaves are morphologically distinct from those of Selaginella.

The correct answer is Utricularia bifida

Concept:

• Hydrophytes are plants that grow in water or in soil that is permanently saturated with water. They are classified into different categories based on their mode of growth and adaptation, such as free-floating, submerged, and emergent hydrophytes.
• Submerged floating hydrophyte plants remain completely submerged in water and are not rooted in the soil. They are buoyant, as they float freely below the water's surface. These plants have specialized adaptations, such as feathery or thin leaves to absorb nutrients and gases directly from water.
• Utricularia bifida is an example of a submerged floating hydrophyte. Utricularia species are also known as bladderworts and are carnivorous plants. They possess small bladder-like structures that trap tiny aquatic organisms for nutrients.

Other Options:

• Ipomoea sp.: Ipomoea species are primarily terrestrial or climbers, and they are not hydrophytes. Some species, like Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach), are semi-aquatic but not submerged floating hydrophytes
• Euphorbia sp.: Euphorbia species are typically terrestrial plants and are not adapted to aquatic environments. 
• Dentella repens: Dentella repens is a creeping plant that grows in damp environments. It can be found near water bodies but does not remain submerged in water.

The correct answer is Marchantia

Explanation:

• Elaters are specialized structures found in some bryophytes that aid in the dispersal of spores. They are hygroscopic, meaning they respond to changes in moisture levels, and play a critical role in spore release.
• Elaters are typically non-reproductive and do not form from meiotic divisions; instead, they are formed from the cells of the sporophyte or gametophyte.
• Bryophytes are non-vascular plants, and they include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.
  • Elaters are present in Marchantia, a genus of liverworts. They are elongated, spindle-shaped structures found in the sporangium (capsule).
  • Elaters are hygroscopic, meaning they coil and uncoil in response to changes in humidity, aiding in the dispersal of spores from the sporangium.
  • This mechanism ensures that spores are released into an environment conducive to germination, enhancing reproductive success.

Other Options (Incorrect Answers):

• Riccia:
  • Riccia is another genus of liverworts, but it lacks elaters. Instead, it relies on simple mechanisms for spore dispersal.
  • Its sporangium ruptures to release spores, but the absence of elaters means that spore dispersal is not actively aided by hygroscopic structures.
• Funaria:
  • Funaria is a genus of mosses, and mosses do not possess elaters.
  • Instead, mosses have a peristome, a structure around the mouth of the capsule that aids in spore dispersal. The mechanism is different from elaters.
• Sphagnum:
  • Sphagnum, commonly known as peat moss, also does not have elaters.
  • It disperses spores through a unique explosive mechanism where the sporangium builds up internal pressure to shoot spores into the air.

The correct answer is a - iv, b - iii, c - ii, d - i.

Key Points

• Blue-green Algae (Cyanobacteria)
  • Blue-green algae are actually bacteria and are also known as Cyanobacteria.
  • They are photosynthetic organisms and can live in a wide variety of environments, including freshwater, seawater, damp soil, or rocks.
  • Cyanobacteria are known for their significant contribution to the Earth's oxygen atmosphere.
  • They can exist as single cells or can form colonies.
• Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
  • Red algae, often called Rhodophyta, have been identified as one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
  • They are mostly found in the warmer waters of the ocean.
  • Red algae are of great economic value because of their use in the production of agar and carrageenan, substances used as thickening agents in various food products.
  • Their red colour is due to the pigment, phycoerythrin.
• Green Algae (Chlamydomonas)
  • Green algae are a diverse group of algae from which plants evolved. Chlamydomonas is a genus of unicellular green algae.
  • Chlamydomonas species are widely distributed worldwide and are found in soil and freshwater.
  • They have two flagella that allow them to move.
  • They are known for their green colour due to the presence of chlorophyll.
• Brown Algae (Sargassum)
  • Brown algae are the most complex type of algae; many are seaweeds.
  • Sargassum is a brown algae, known for forming massive floating forests in the ocean.
  • It is primarily marine and is found in warm-temperate and tropical oceans.
  • They provide important ecological functions such as providing habitats for a wide variety of marine species.
  • The brown colour is due to the presence of a pigment called fucoxanthin, which masks the green colour of chlorophyll.

The correct answer is Rhodophyceae.Key Points

• Red algae:-
  • It is a type of marine algae that are predominantly red in color due to the presence of pigments such as phycoerythrins and phycocyanins.
  • They are found in both tropical and temperate waters and play an important role in marine ecosystems as primary producers and as a food source for herbivorous marine animals.
  • Some species of red algae are also used by humans for various purposes such as food, medicine, and cosmetics.
  • Red algae are known for their ability to survive in extreme environments such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents and polar regions.

Additional Information

• Chlorophyceae:
  • This is a class of green algae that are mostly freshwater species and are commonly found in ponds, lakes, and streams.
• Liverwort:
  • This is a type of non-vascular plant that grows in damp habitats such as forests, bogs, and riverbanks.
  • They are commonly found in temperate and tropical regions and play an important role in soil formation and nutrient cycling.
• Phaeophyceae:
  • This is a class of brown algae that are predominantly marine and are commonly found in temperate and cold waters.
  • They are important primary producers in coastal ecosystems and are also used by humans for food and other purposes.

The correct answer is Marchantia.Key Points

• Liverworts:-
  • These are non-vascular plants that belong to the phylum Hepatophyta.
  • The umbrella-shaped structures that raise gametangia above the main gametophyte body are known as archegoniophores.
  • These archegoniophores are found in the genus Marchantia.
• Marchantia:-
  • It is a genus of liverworts, which are a type of non-vascular plant often found in moist and damp environments.
  • Liverworts belong to the division Marchantiophyta and are some of the earliest land plants to have evolved.
  • Marchantia liverworts are small, flat, and leafy plants that typically grow in low, spreading mats.
  • They have a distinctive appearance with flattened, lobed structures that resemble tiny leaves.

Additional Information

• Polytrichum:-
  • It​ also known as haircap moss, is a type of moss that forms dense cushions or tufts in moist habitats.
• Funaria:-
  • It​ is also known as cord moss, is a common type of moss that is found in moist, shaded habitats.
• Sphagnum:-
  • It is  also known as peat moss, is a type of moss that is found in wetlands and bogs and is known for its ability to store water.

The correct answer is Species.

Key Points

• Species are the fundamental classification unit.
  • A Species is a group of organisms with similar Morphologies that are capable of Mating.
  • The Basic unit of Classification and Taxonomic order for an individual in biology is a species, which is also a part of Biodiversity.
  • Species is the largest group of creatures in which any two compatible Partners, typically through sexual reproduction, can produce fertile offspring.
  • A Species can also be distinguished by its karyotype, DNA sequencing, outward appearance, behavioral patterns, and ecological niche. Because it is impossible to assess the development of fossils, paleontologists also use the chronospecies concept.
  • All species, with the exception of viruses, have a two-part name called a "binomial." The first part is the genus to which the species belongs.

Additional Information

• Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are the 7 different kingdoms.
  • A Genus is a taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is below family and above species.

The correct answer is i - b, ii - a, iii - d, iv - c. Key Points

• Chlorophyceae:-
  • It is a class of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology.
  • They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
  • The chloroplast may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral- or ribbon-shaped in different species.
  • Most of the members have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located in the chloroplast.
  • Pyrenoids contain protein besides starch. Some green algae may store food in the form of oil droplets.
• Phaeophyceae:-
  • It also known as brown algae, is a class of multicellular algae that are found primarily in marine environments.
  • They are distinguished by their brown color, which is due to the presence of the pigment fucoxanthin.
  • Brown algae range in size from microscopic filaments to giant kelp forests that can reach over 60 meters in length.
• Cyanophyceae:-
  • It is known as Cyanobacteria, is a class of prokaryotic organisms that obtain energy via photosynthesis.
  • It is known as Blue-green algae.
  • They are considered to be the oldest form of life on Earth, with fossils dating back over 3.5 billion years.
  • Cyanobacteria are found in a wide variety of habitats, including freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments.
• Rhodophyceae:-
  • It also known as red algae, is a class of eukaryotic algae that are found primarily in marine environments.
  • They are distinguished by their red color, which is due to the presence of the pigment phycoerythrin.
  • Red algae range in size from microscopic filaments to large, complex seaweeds.

The correct answer is Gymnosperms.Key Points

• Cycas and Pinus are both examples of gymnosperms, which are plants that produce seeds without enclosing them in a fruit.
• Gymnosperms are typically woody plants with needle-like or scale-like leaves and are often adapted to harsh environments, such as deserts or cold climates.

Additional Information

• Pteridophyta refers to ferns and their relatives, which reproduce via spores rather than seeds.
• Thallophyta is a group of plants that includes algae and fungi, which are not closely related to Cycas and Pinus.
• Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit, such as apples or tomatoes.

The correct answer is Pitcher plant.

Key Points

• Insect-eating plants are called insectivorous plants and they derive nutrition by consuming insects and likewise other organisms.
  • Insectivorous plants examples include Venus flytrap, bladderwort, cobra lily, drosera or sundews and pitcher plant. 
  • Pitcher plants belong to large carnivorous plants and have modified leaves acting as pitfall traps that have sugary nectar and make insects fall via slippery surfaces into digestive juices.
  • Insectivorous Plants found at nitrogen deficient soils.

Additional Information

• Cuscuta, commonly known as dodder is a genus of over 201 species of yellow, orange, or red (rarely green) parasitic plants.
• Cuscuta is known as Amarbel in India.
• A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil.

The correct answer is Bryophytes.Key Points

• The plant kingdom that is divided into liverworts and mosses is Bryophytes.
• Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that do not have specialized tissues for the transport of water and nutrients.
• Bryophytes are typically small and prefer damp locations, though they can endure in drier conditions as well.
• There are around 20,000 different plant species in the bryophytes.
• Bryophytes do not produce flowers or seeds, but instead gametangia and sporangia, which are enclosed reproductive organs. 
• They create gemmae or fragments to reproduce asexually or sexually, respectively, using spores and spores.​

Additional Information

• Pteridophytes are vascular plants that include ferns and horsetails.
  • They have specialized tissues for the transport of water and nutrients.
• Spermatophyta are seed-bearing vascular plants that include gymnosperms and angiosperms.
• Sphenopsida are a class of vascular plants that include horsetails and scouring rushes.

Concept-

• Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera.
• Blue-green algae come under Kingdom Monera.
• Blue-green algae are also known as cyanobacteria.
• Blue-green algae are photosynthetic autotrophs.

Explanation-

• Some of the Blue-green algae can perform Nitrogen fixation.
• Blue-green algae fix nitrogen through specialized cells called heterocysts.
• They convert atmosphere nitrogen into nitrogenous compounds like amino acids, nitrates. These nitrates increase the fertility of the soil.
• Hence blue-green algae improve the fertility of the soil by nitrogen fixation.

Examples of blue-green algae that fix nitrogen are Nostoc.

Important Points

• Cyanobacteria were the first organisms that produced oxygen on our earth.

Additional Information

• Brown algae, green algae, and red algae are the algae that come under Kingdom Plantae.
  • Member of Chlorophyceae is commonly known as 'green algae'.
  • Member of Phaeophyceae is commonly known as 'brown algae'.
  • Member of Rhodophyceae is commonly known as 'red algae'.