Science and Technology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science and Technology - Download Free PDF

Key Points

• NavIC stands for Navigation with Indian Constellation.
• It is an autonomous satellite navigation system developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• NavIC aims to provide accurate position information services to users in India and the surrounding region up to 1,500 km.
• It was named NavIC by the Honourable Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, to reflect its indigenous capabilities and significance.

Additional Information

• IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System)
  • IRNSS is a regional satellite navigation system developed by ISRO to provide accurate position information services to users in India and the surrounding region.
  • The system is designed to provide position accuracy better than 20 meters in the primary service area.
  • IRNSS consists of a constellation of 7 satellites and a ground segment.
  • The main objective of IRNSS is to provide reliable position, navigation, and timing services.
• Satellite Navigation
  • Satellite navigation systems use satellites to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning.
  • They allow small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to high precision (within a few meters) using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites.
  • Some well-known satellite navigation systems include the United States' GPS, Russia's GLONASS, the European Union's Galileo, and China's BeiDou.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
  • ISRO is the space agency of the Government of India, headquartered in Bengaluru.
  • Its vision is to "harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research & planetary exploration".
  • ISRO has developed several space systems and technologies, including satellite launch vehicles, satellites for various applications, and space exploration missions.

Key Points

• Project NETRA (Network for space object Tracking and Analysis) is an early warning system in space to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites.
• It aims to safeguard Indian space assets from space debris and other potential threats in space.
• The system is designed to track and provide accurate information on space objects and the space environment in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
• It will help ISRO to carry out collision avoidance maneuvers for its satellites and ensure the safety of its space missions.

Additional Information

• Space Debris
  • Space debris, also known as space junk, refers to non-functional, human-made objects in space, such as defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from disintegration or collisions.
  • These objects pose a significant threat to operational satellites and other space missions due to the high velocities at which they travel.
  • Space agencies around the world, including ISRO, are increasingly focusing on tracking and mitigating space debris to ensure the safety and sustainability of space operations.
• Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
  • LEO is a region of space located at an altitude of up to 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) above Earth's surface.
  • Satellites in LEO are commonly used for Earth observation, communication, and scientific research due to their proximity to Earth and shorter orbital periods.
  • LEO is also the region where the majority of space debris is found, making it a critical area for space situational awareness and debris tracking.
• Collision Avoidance Maneuvers
  • These are operations conducted by satellite operators to change the trajectory of a satellite to avoid potential collisions with other space objects, including debris.
  • Collision avoidance maneuvers are critical for protecting space assets and ensuring the continued operation of satellite missions.
  • Such maneuvers require accurate and timely information on the positions and trajectories of objects in space, which systems like Project NETRA provide.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
  • ISRO is the space agency of the Government of India, responsible for the country's space research and exploration.
  • Established in 1969, ISRO has developed a range of space technologies and conducted numerous successful space missions, including satellite launches, lunar exploration, and Mars missions.
  • ISRO's efforts in space situational awareness, such as Project NETRA, contribute to the safety and sustainability of its space operations.

The correct answer is Red Message.
Key Points

• Red is the most serious kind of weather warning.
• People must stay away from areas that are considered dangerous when a Red message or Red Alert is announced by the weather office.

Important Points 

• A Red Corner Notice is a request to law enforcement all over the world to locate and temporarily arrest a convict with the intention of repatriation.
• The term pink slip refers to an official notice of discharge given to an employee which states that the worker's position has been abolished.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh Varuna.

Key PointsAndhra Pradesh Varuna.

• The Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu in the presence of ISRO chairman AS Kiran Kumar launched the app.
• The app by ISRO and Vassar labs provides real-time weather information including rainfall, wind speed velocity, humidity, and temperature.
• The app is the result of a collaboration between the State Planning Department, ISRO and a technology partner known as Vassar labs.
• ISRO provides frequently updated and at times real-time inputs of meteorological information, including rainfall, wind speed velocity, temperature and humidity.
• The application was a result of one of three MoUs signed between Isro and the Andhra Pradesh Government.

The correct answer is Satellite Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV).

Key Points

​Satellite-Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV):

• Satellite Based Mobile Data Voice is a system used to establish a broadband connection.
• It works from a remote location to establish instant access to State and District level officials through Voice, Data and Video formats.
• The emergency communication division of APSDMA uses SBMDV sets to retain connectivity with districts and manuals during emergencies.
• Odisha to have the first automatic coastal warning for disasters in India by implementing Satellite-Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV).

Additional InformationIndian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)  

• It is an independent regional navigation satellite system developed by India.
• It provides accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary.
• IRNSS system is now called ‘NAVIC’ an acronym for NAVigation using Indian Constellation.
• Odisha to have the first automatic coastal warning for disasters in India by implementing Satellite-Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV).
• Digital Mobile Radio (DMR), Mass Messaging System (MMS), and Universal Communication Interface (UCI) for interoperability among different communication technologies.

Navigation in Indian Constellation (NaviC).

• The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is officially called NAVIC which is an acronym for Navigation with Indian Constellation.
• It was designed in India by ISRO.
• It is used for Terrestrial, aerial, and marine navigation, Disaster management, Vehicle tracking, and fleet management, integration with mobile phones, Mapping, and geodetic data capture.

Satellite-based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) use GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurements taken by accurately located reference stations deployed across an entire continent.

The correct answer is Andhra Pradesh Varuna.

Key PointsAndhra Pradesh Varuna.

• The Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu in the presence of ISRO chairman AS Kiran Kumar launched the app.
• The app by ISRO and Vassar labs provides real-time weather information including rainfall, wind speed velocity, humidity, and temperature.
• The app is the result of a collaboration between the State Planning Department, ISRO and a technology partner known as Vassar labs.
• ISRO provides frequently updated and at times real-time inputs of meteorological information, including rainfall, wind speed velocity, temperature and humidity.
• The application was a result of one of three MoUs signed between Isro and the Andhra Pradesh Government.

Key Points

• NavIC stands for Navigation with Indian Constellation.
• It is an autonomous satellite navigation system developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• NavIC aims to provide accurate position information services to users in India and the surrounding region up to 1,500 km.
• It was named NavIC by the Honourable Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, to reflect its indigenous capabilities and significance.

Additional Information

• IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System)
  • IRNSS is a regional satellite navigation system developed by ISRO to provide accurate position information services to users in India and the surrounding region.
  • The system is designed to provide position accuracy better than 20 meters in the primary service area.
  • IRNSS consists of a constellation of 7 satellites and a ground segment.
  • The main objective of IRNSS is to provide reliable position, navigation, and timing services.
• Satellite Navigation
  • Satellite navigation systems use satellites to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning.
  • They allow small electronic receivers to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude) to high precision (within a few meters) using time signals transmitted along a line of sight by radio from satellites.
  • Some well-known satellite navigation systems include the United States' GPS, Russia's GLONASS, the European Union's Galileo, and China's BeiDou.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
  • ISRO is the space agency of the Government of India, headquartered in Bengaluru.
  • Its vision is to "harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research & planetary exploration".
  • ISRO has developed several space systems and technologies, including satellite launch vehicles, satellites for various applications, and space exploration missions.

Key Points

• Project NETRA (Network for space object Tracking and Analysis) is an early warning system in space to detect debris and other hazards to Indian satellites.
• It aims to safeguard Indian space assets from space debris and other potential threats in space.
• The system is designed to track and provide accurate information on space objects and the space environment in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
• It will help ISRO to carry out collision avoidance maneuvers for its satellites and ensure the safety of its space missions.

Additional Information

• Space Debris
  • Space debris, also known as space junk, refers to non-functional, human-made objects in space, such as defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from disintegration or collisions.
  • These objects pose a significant threat to operational satellites and other space missions due to the high velocities at which they travel.
  • Space agencies around the world, including ISRO, are increasingly focusing on tracking and mitigating space debris to ensure the safety and sustainability of space operations.
• Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
  • LEO is a region of space located at an altitude of up to 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) above Earth's surface.
  • Satellites in LEO are commonly used for Earth observation, communication, and scientific research due to their proximity to Earth and shorter orbital periods.
  • LEO is also the region where the majority of space debris is found, making it a critical area for space situational awareness and debris tracking.
• Collision Avoidance Maneuvers
  • These are operations conducted by satellite operators to change the trajectory of a satellite to avoid potential collisions with other space objects, including debris.
  • Collision avoidance maneuvers are critical for protecting space assets and ensuring the continued operation of satellite missions.
  • Such maneuvers require accurate and timely information on the positions and trajectories of objects in space, which systems like Project NETRA provide.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
  • ISRO is the space agency of the Government of India, responsible for the country's space research and exploration.
  • Established in 1969, ISRO has developed a range of space technologies and conducted numerous successful space missions, including satellite launches, lunar exploration, and Mars missions.
  • ISRO's efforts in space situational awareness, such as Project NETRA, contribute to the safety and sustainability of its space operations.

The correct answer is Option 4 (I, II and III).

Key Points

• Digital Embossing Technology is an advanced printing technology that does not use chemicals, solvents, and also emits no pollutants, making it environmentally friendly.
• This technology is versatile and can be used to produce braille maps for the visually challenged, enhancing accessibility and providing critical information for navigation.
• It has been introduced in India recently by the National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO), which functions as the Attached Office of the Department of Science & Technology.
• NATMO's initiative in implementing Digital Embossing Technology is a significant step towards integrating advanced technology in map production and accessibility, promoting inclusiveness and sustainability.

Additional Information

• Digital Embossing Technology:
  • This technology involves the use of digital processes to create raised or embossed effects on various surfaces, including paper and plastic, without the need for traditional dies or molds.
  • It is often used in packaging, labeling, and printing industries to create tactile and visually appealing designs.
  • The technology is considered environmentally friendly as it reduces the need for chemicals and solvents, and it significantly lowers emissions compared to traditional embossing methods.
  • The digital nature of this technology allows for greater flexibility and customization, making it possible to produce unique and intricate designs efficiently.
• Braille Maps:
  • Braille maps are specially designed maps that use raised dots to represent different features and locations, allowing visually impaired individuals to read and understand the map through touch.
  • These maps are crucial for providing spatial awareness and navigation assistance to the visually challenged, enhancing their ability to travel independently.
  • The production of braille maps using digital embossing technology ensures high precision and quality, making the information more accessible and easier to interpret.
• National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO):
  • NATMO is an organization under the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, responsible for creating detailed maps and atlases for the country.
  • It plays a crucial role in thematic mapping, which involves creating maps that focus on specific themes or subjects, such as population distribution, climate, and natural resources.
  • NATMO's introduction of digital embossing technology in India signifies a move towards adopting advanced and sustainable methods in map production.

Key Points

• The International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) was established to address issues related to nitrogen and its impact on the environment and human health.
• INI’s key objective is to optimize the beneficial role of nitrogen in food production.
• While the initiative focuses on sustainable food production, it also considers the environmental impacts of nitrogen use.
• It is not set up under the sponsorship of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Additional Information

• International Nitrogen Initiative (INI)
  • The International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) was established in 2003 with the aim to optimize the beneficial role of nitrogen in food production while minimizing its negative effects on human health and the environment.
  • It brings together scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders to address and manage the global nitrogen cycle.
  • The INI is a response to the growing concern over the impact of nitrogen compounds on air and water quality, climate, and biodiversity.
  • Key partners of INI include organizations such as the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Council for Science (ICSU), and others focused on environmental science and policy.
• Nitrogen and Sustainable Food Production
  • Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and is a critical component of fertilizers used in agriculture.
  • However, excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers can lead to environmental issues such as water pollution, eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Optimizing nitrogen use involves enhancing the efficiency of fertilizer application, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and reducing nitrogen losses to the environment.
  • Balanced nitrogen management is crucial for achieving food security while protecting natural ecosystems.

Key Points

• The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) in Gandhinagar is actively collaborating with the LIGO Laboratory as part of the LIGO-India project.
• The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) in Pune is one of the lead institutions in this collaboration.
• The Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) in Indore is also a major partner in the LIGO-India project.
• These institutions are working together to establish a state-of-the-art gravitational-wave observatory in India, which will be part of the global network of LIGO observatories.

Additional Information

• Institute for Plasma Research (IPR):
  • IPR is an autonomous physics research institute located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
  • It is involved in research in areas such as plasma physics, fusion technology, and space physics.
  • The institute plays a significant role in the LIGO-India project, contributing to the development of advanced technologies required for gravitational-wave detection.
• Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA):
  • IUCAA, based in Pune, is a premier research institution dedicated to astronomy and astrophysics.
  • It provides a conducive environment for researchers and students to pursue advanced studies in these fields.
  • IUCAA is a key partner in the LIGO-India project, offering expertise in data analysis and astrophysical implications of gravitational waves.
• Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology (RRCAT):
  • RRCAT is located in Indore and focuses on research and development in the areas of lasers, particle accelerators, and related technologies.
  • It is an important collaborator in the LIGO-India project, contributing to the development and testing of high-precision instruments.
  • RRCAT’s expertise in advanced technology is crucial for the successful implementation of the LIGO-India observatory.
• LIGO-India Project:
  • The LIGO-India project aims to establish a gravitational-wave observatory in India, which will be part of the worldwide network of LIGO observatories.
  • This project will enhance the global capabilities for detecting and studying gravitational waves, leading to significant advancements in our understanding of the universe.
  • It involves collaboration between Indian research institutions and the LIGO Laboratory in the United States.
  • The project will also promote scientific and technological development in India, providing opportunities for researchers and students to contribute to cutting-edge research.

Key Points

• Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI) is a Public Sector Enterprise under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
• BHAVINI is responsible for the construction, commissioning, and operation of the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.
• The PFBR is a 500 MWe capacity reactor, which is a type of fast breeder reactor designed to utilize plutonium and uranium-238.
• The development of PFBR is a significant step towards India's three-stage nuclear power program, which aims to utilize thorium reserves for energy production.

Additional Information

• Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR)
  • It is a type of nuclear reactor that breeds more fissile material than it consumes.
  • PFBR uses a mixed oxide (MOX) fuel consisting of plutonium-239 and uranium-238.
  • The reactor is cooled by liquid sodium, which allows for efficient heat transfer at high temperatures.
  • The PFBR project is a part of India's three-stage nuclear power program, which ultimately aims to utilize the country's vast thorium reserves.
• Three-Stage Nuclear Power Program
  • India's nuclear power program was formulated by Dr. Homi Bhabha in the 1950s.
  • The first stage involves the use of natural uranium in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs).
  • The second stage involves the use of plutonium-239 in Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs), such as the PFBR.
  • The third stage involves the use of thorium-232 in Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) to produce uranium-233, which can sustain a nuclear chain reaction.
• Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)
  • IGCAR is a premier research institution located at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu.
  • It was established in 1971 and is involved in research and development of fast breeder reactor technology.
  • IGCAR provides technical support and expertise to BHAVINI for the PFBR project.

The correct answer is Red Message.
Key Points

• Red is the most serious kind of weather warning.
• People must stay away from areas that are considered dangerous when a Red message or Red Alert is announced by the weather office.

Important Points 

• A Red Corner Notice is a request to law enforcement all over the world to locate and temporarily arrest a convict with the intention of repatriation.
• The term pink slip refers to an official notice of discharge given to an employee which states that the worker's position has been abolished.

The correct answer is Satellite Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV).

Key Points

​Satellite-Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV):

• Satellite Based Mobile Data Voice is a system used to establish a broadband connection.
• It works from a remote location to establish instant access to State and District level officials through Voice, Data and Video formats.
• The emergency communication division of APSDMA uses SBMDV sets to retain connectivity with districts and manuals during emergencies.
• Odisha to have the first automatic coastal warning for disasters in India by implementing Satellite-Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV).

Additional InformationIndian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)  

• It is an independent regional navigation satellite system developed by India.
• It provides accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary.
• IRNSS system is now called ‘NAVIC’ an acronym for NAVigation using Indian Constellation.
• Odisha to have the first automatic coastal warning for disasters in India by implementing Satellite-Based Mobile Data Voice (SBMDV).
• Digital Mobile Radio (DMR), Mass Messaging System (MMS), and Universal Communication Interface (UCI) for interoperability among different communication technologies.

Navigation in Indian Constellation (NaviC).

• The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is officially called NAVIC which is an acronym for Navigation with Indian Constellation.
• It was designed in India by ISRO.
• It is used for Terrestrial, aerial, and marine navigation, Disaster management, Vehicle tracking, and fleet management, integration with mobile phones, Mapping, and geodetic data capture.

Satellite-based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) use GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurements taken by accurately located reference stations deployed across an entire continent.