Two Dimensional Viewing MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Two Dimensional Viewing - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The correct sequence for the 2-D viewing transformation pipeline is:
  • D. Map normalized viewpoint to device coordinates
  • C. Construct world-coordinates scene using modeling-coordinates transformations
  • B. Map viewing coordinates to normalized viewing coordinates using window - viewpoint specifications
  • A. Convert world-coordinates to viewing coordinates
• This sequence ensures that the scene is first constructed in world coordinates, then converted to viewing coordinates.
• Next, the coordinates are mapped to normalized viewing coordinates, and finally, they are mapped to device coordinates for display.

Additional Information

• Understanding the 2-D viewing transformation pipeline is essential for computer graphics and visualization.
• This process helps in accurately rendering a 2-D scene from world coordinates to device coordinates.
• Each step in the pipeline ensures that the transformations are applied correctly to maintain the integrity of the visual representation.
• Proper handling of transformations avoids distortions and maintains the correct aspect ratio of the graphical objects.

The correct answer is Adobe Flash.

Key Points

• Adobe Flash is a multimedia authoring tool used to create content such as animations, games, and interactive applications.
• It was widely used to produce web applications, mobile applications, and embedded web browser video players.
• Adobe Flash files have the .swf file extension and can be played in Adobe Flash Player.
• Flash supports vector graphics, raster graphics, and a scripting language called ActionScript.
• It allows designers to create rich multimedia content with relatively small file sizes.

Additional Information

• Adobe Flash was originally developed by Macromedia before being acquired by Adobe Systems.
• Despite its popularity, Flash faced criticism for security vulnerabilities and high resource consumption.
• Modern web standards like HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript have largely replaced Flash for creating multimedia content.
• Adobe officially ended support for Flash Player on December 31, 2020

Correct answer is III → II → IV → I

Important PointsSteps of two dimensional viewing transformation:-

1. Construct world – co-ordinate scene using modeling coordinate transformation
2. Convert world co-ordinate to viewing co-ordinates
3. Map viewing co-ordinates to normalized viewing co-ordinates using window-viewportspecification. 
4. Map normalized viewport to device Co-ordinates

​

The correct answer is “option 4”.

CONCEPT:

A special area of memory dedicated to graphics in raster scan display is known as a frame buffer.

It is also known as a Refresh buffer.

This memory area holds a set of intensity values for all screen points.

Each screen point is known as a “pixel”.

These stored intensity values are retrieved from the frame buffer & displayed one row or scan line at a time on screen.

CALCULATION:

The frame buffer array is addressed in row-major order with pixel location from: (0, 0) to (100, 100).

Since the frame buffer is addressed in row-major order and there is one bit storage per pixel, the address of pixel (x,y) would be:

address = y * (number of pixels per row) + x

Since the pixel locations start from (0,0) and end with (100,100), the number of pixels per row would be 101 (since there are 101 pixels from 0 to 100 inclusive in each row).

Using this formula, the address of pixel (6,10) would be:

address = 6 * 101 + 10 = 616

Therefore, the address of pixel (6,10) would be 616.

Hence, the correct answer is “option 4”.

Answer Option 3

Explanation: 

Z-buffer: 

• Z-buffer is generally used for hidden surface detection. It is also known as the Depth-buffer method.
• The time complexity is the number of pixels times the number of objects and the space complexity is two times the number of pixels because two arrays of pixels are required, one for the frame buffer and the other for the depth buffer.
• These two buffers are used to store depth values and intensity of color respectively.

CALCULATION:

Memory required = 2 × 512 × 512 × 24 = 2 × 2⁹ × 2⁹ × 8 × 3 bits

= 2 × 2 × 3 × 2²⁰ bits = 12 M bits = 1.5 MB

Since 1 M = 2²⁰  and 1 byte = 8 bits

Concept:

Polygon tool is used to draw a polygon, triangle, hexagon, octagon or star shape using the handles.

Explanation:

Steps to draw a heptagon in flash:

1. Click and hold the rectangle tool in toolbar and then point to polystar tool.
2.  Click Options in the property
3. Click style pop up and then select polygon or star
4. Enter the value for the number of slides. We can create an object with up to 32 sides.
5. then click ok.

Concept:

Anti-aliasing is a technique of reducing the aliasing i.e. elimination of jaggies or blocked patterns when we try to represent a high resolution image at a lower resolution.

Explanation:

Aliasing is an effect due to which smooth curves are jagged across the edges because the resolution of the graphic is not high enough to represent the smooth curve. So, anti-aliasing is needed to reduce this effect. 

• With anti-aliasing curved lines can be made smooth again with the use of discoloration to the edges of the image.
• One solution to remove aliasing is to increase the resolution.
• Another solution is to add digital filtration to the image at high resolution. It is known as post-filtering. One another method is pre-filtering. 

Correct answer is III → II → IV → I

Important PointsSteps of two dimensional viewing transformation:-

1. Construct world – co-ordinate scene using modeling coordinate transformation
2. Convert world co-ordinate to viewing co-ordinates
3. Map viewing co-ordinates to normalized viewing co-ordinates using window-viewportspecification. 
4. Map normalized viewport to device Co-ordinates

​

Answer Option 3

Explanation: 

Z-buffer: 

• Z-buffer is generally used for hidden surface detection. It is also known as the Depth-buffer method.
• The time complexity is the number of pixels times the number of objects and the space complexity is two times the number of pixels because two arrays of pixels are required, one for the frame buffer and the other for the depth buffer.
• These two buffers are used to store depth values and intensity of color respectively.

CALCULATION:

Memory required = 2 × 512 × 512 × 24 = 2 × 2⁹ × 2⁹ × 8 × 3 bits

= 2 × 2 × 3 × 2²⁰ bits = 12 M bits = 1.5 MB

Since 1 M = 2²⁰  and 1 byte = 8 bits

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• The correct sequence for the 2-D viewing transformation pipeline is:
  • D. Map normalized viewpoint to device coordinates
  • C. Construct world-coordinates scene using modeling-coordinates transformations
  • B. Map viewing coordinates to normalized viewing coordinates using window - viewpoint specifications
  • A. Convert world-coordinates to viewing coordinates
• This sequence ensures that the scene is first constructed in world coordinates, then converted to viewing coordinates.
• Next, the coordinates are mapped to normalized viewing coordinates, and finally, they are mapped to device coordinates for display.

Additional Information

• Understanding the 2-D viewing transformation pipeline is essential for computer graphics and visualization.
• This process helps in accurately rendering a 2-D scene from world coordinates to device coordinates.
• Each step in the pipeline ensures that the transformations are applied correctly to maintain the integrity of the visual representation.
• Proper handling of transformations avoids distortions and maintains the correct aspect ratio of the graphical objects.

The correct answer is “option 4”.

CONCEPT:

A special area of memory dedicated to graphics in raster scan display is known as a frame buffer.

It is also known as a Refresh buffer.

This memory area holds a set of intensity values for all screen points.

Each screen point is known as a “pixel”.

These stored intensity values are retrieved from the frame buffer & displayed one row or scan line at a time on screen.

CALCULATION:

The frame buffer array is addressed in row-major order with pixel location from: (0, 0) to (100, 100).

Since the frame buffer is addressed in row-major order and there is one bit storage per pixel, the address of pixel (x,y) would be:

address = y * (number of pixels per row) + x

Since the pixel locations start from (0,0) and end with (100,100), the number of pixels per row would be 101 (since there are 101 pixels from 0 to 100 inclusive in each row).

Using this formula, the address of pixel (6,10) would be:

address = 6 * 101 + 10 = 616

Therefore, the address of pixel (6,10) would be 616.

Hence, the correct answer is “option 4”.

• A pixel is the smallest addressable unit on the screen and the quality of an image depends on the number of pixels used by an image.
• The higher the resolution of the image, the more will be the quality of the image.
• As the resolution is defined by the number of pixels in the horizontal direction multiplied by the number of pixels in the vertical direction.
• So, when the number of pixels increases, the quality of the image gets improved.

The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height.

Aspect ratio = \(\frac{{{\rm{width}}}}{{{\rm{height}}}}\)

If the resolution of an image is m × n

Then its aspect ratio will be m:n.

Standard aspect ratio for an image is 4 : 3.

Answer: Option 3

Concept: 

Multimedia authoring tool

Multimedia authoring is a process of assembling different types of media contents like text, audio, image, animations, and video as a single stream of information with the help of various software tools available in the market. 

Classification of Multimedia authoring tools:
1. Card or Page based authoring tools
2. Icon based or Event-driven authoring tools
3. Time-based authoring tools
4. Object-Oriented authoring tools

Concept:

Polygon tool is used to draw a polygon, triangle, hexagon, octagon or star shape using the handles.

Explanation:

Steps to draw a heptagon in flash:

1. Click and hold the rectangle tool in toolbar and then point to polystar tool.
2.  Click Options in the property
3. Click style pop up and then select polygon or star
4. Enter the value for the number of slides. We can create an object with up to 32 sides.
5. then click ok.