Occupational Safety and Health MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Occupational Safety and Health - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

A fire extinguisher, flame extinguisher or simply extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in an emergency situation.

Many types of fire extinguishers are available with different extinguishing 'agents' to deal with different classes of fires. 

Water-filled extinguishers 

There are two methods of operation.

• Gas cartridge type
• Stored pressure type

Foam extinguishers:

These may be of stored pressure or gas cartridge types.

Foam extinguishers are most suitable for:

• flammable liquid fires
• running liquid fires

Must not be used where electrical equipment is involved.

Dry powder extinguishers:

• Extinguishers fitted with dry powder may be of the gas cartridge or stored pressure type.
• The main distinguishing feature is the fork-shaped nozzle.
• Powders have been developed to deal with class D fires. 

Carbon dioxide (CO₂):

• This type is easily distinguished by the distinctively shaped discharge horn.
• Suitable for class B fires
• Best suited where contamination by deposits must be avoided.
• Not generally effective in the open air.

Halon extinguishers:

• Theses extinguishers may be filled with carbon tetrachloride and bromochlorodifluoro methene (BCF).
• They may be of either gas cartridge or stored pressure type.
• They are more effective in extinguishing small fires involving pouring liquids.
• These extinguishers are particularly suitable and safe to use on electrical equipment as the chemicals are electrically non-conductive.

A hazard is a source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms of human-injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these.

Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

First aid is defined as the immediate care and support, given to the acutely injured or ill person, primarily to save a life, prevent further deterioration or injury, plan to shift the victims to safer places, provide best possible comfort and finally help them to reach the medical centre/ hospital through all available means. It is an immediate life-saving procedure using all resources available within reach.

Purpose of First Aid

• To sustain life
• To prevent suffering
• To prevent secondary complications
• To promote speedy recovery
• To prepare for further medical treatment

Each separate work site or shop should have a fully stocked first aid kit available for injuries or emergencies. First aid kits will be regularly inspected to ensure they are adequately stocked with consumables and equipment. 

Safety signs

As you go about your work on a construction site you will see a variety of signs and notices. Some of these will be familiar to you - a 'no smoking' sign for example; others you may not have seen before. It is up to you to learn what they mean - and to take notice of them. They warn of the possible danger, and must not be ignored. Safety signs fall into four separate categories.

The four basic categories of signs are as follows:

• prohibition signs
• mandatory signs
• warning signs
• informatory signs

Prohibition Signs

These signs should be used to convey “Do Not” type commands. For example, to indicate that smoking is not allowed or that, where a particular material reacts dangerously with water or water should not be used to extinguish a fire. 

Warning Signs

These signs should be used to make people aware of the nearby danger. For example, a flammable liquid store or a laboratory where radioactive substances are in use should have an appropriate warning sign near the entrance.

Mandatory Signs

These signs should be used to indicate actions that must be carried out in order to comply with statutory requirements. For example, an area of a construction site where hard hats should be worn should also have appropriate signs at the entry points. 

Informatory Signs:

An informatory sign is a very legibly printed and very noticeable placard that informs people of the purpose of an object or gives them instruction on the use of something. It indicates or gives information on safety provision.

Effects of electric shock

• The effect of current at very low levels may only be an unpleasant tingling sensation, but this itself may be sufficient to cause some persons to lose their balance and fall.
• At higher levels of current, the person receiving a shock may be thrown off his feet and will experience severe pain and possibly minor burns at the point of contact.
• At an excessive shock can also cause burning of the skin at the point of contact.

Treatment of electric shock

• Check for the victim’s natural breathing and consciousness. Take steps to apply respiratory resuscitation if the victim is unconscious and not breathing.
• Check the victim for injury and burns. Decide on the suitable method of artificial resuscitation.
• In the case of injury/burns to chest and or belly, follow the mouth-to-mouth method.
• In case of burns/injury in the back, follow Nelson's Method.
• In case the mouth is closed tightly, use Schafer's or Holger-Nielsen method.

• A risk is the chance that an event would occur which will lead to a change in the project circumstances that were assumed while forecasting the project costs and benefits and will have an impact on project objectives
• To ensure that these events do not lead to the failure of the projects, there is a need to manage the risks associated with the projects through the adoption of an appropriate risk management framework
• Risk management is an ongoing process which continues through the life cycle of a project
• The risk management process takes place in the following stages:
  • Risk identification: The process of identifying all the risks associated with the project, whether during its development phase or its construction or operational phase
  • Risk assessment: The process of determining the likelihood of the identified risks materializing and the magnitude of their consequences if they do materialize 
  • Risk allocation: The process of allocating responsibility for dealing with the consequences of each risk to one of the project stakeholders, or agreeing to share the risks 
  • Risk mitigation: The process of attempting to reduce the likelihood of the risk occurring and the degree to its consequences for the risk-taker

• Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize exposure to serious workplace injuries and illnesses
• These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical or other workplace hazards
• Personal protective equipment may include items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators or coveralls, vests, and full body suits

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health, and welfare of people engaged in co-workers, family members, employees, customers, and many others who might be affected by the workspace environment. 

• Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is a equipment worn to minimize exposure to serious workplace injuries and illnesses
• These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical or other workplace hazards
• Personal protective equipment may include items such as gloves, safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators or coveralls, vests, and full body suits

All jobs primarily provide many economic and other benefits, but equally, there are varieties of workplace dangers and hazards, which are risky to the health and safety of people at work.

There are different types of hazards:

• Physical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Ergonomic hazards
• Mechanical hazards
• Psychosocial hazards

Chemical hazards

• Chemical hazards are present when you are exposed to any chemical preparation (solid, liquid or gas) in the workplace
• Examples include: cleaning products and solvents, vapours and fumes, carbon monoxide or other gases, gasoline or other flammable materials
• The chemicals have injurious biological effects on the human body if they are digested, inhaled or come in direct contact with the skin
• Accidents involving chemical spills, exposure and inhalation can lead to burns, blindness, rashes, and other ailments
• Most of them cause acute poisoning when taken orally, eye-skin irritation, Respiratory injuries, etc
• Long-term effects of chemicals on blood, nerve, bones, kidneys, liver, etc, may lead to serious diseases/disorders