Political Processes in India MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Political Processes in India - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is All of the above

Explanation: The demand for Telangana statehood in India resulted in the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh into two separate states, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It also led to the formation of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) party and caused significant political upheaval and protests in the region.

Answer: The correct answer is, c) Civil society groups to promote transparency and accountability

Solution:
The Right to Information Act (RTI) in India, enacted in 2005, is a powerful tool that is often utilized by civil society groups to promote transparency and accountability in government functioning. The Act empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities, thereby enabling them to scrutinize government decisions, expose corruption, and hold officials accountable for their actions. Civil society organizations, activists, and concerned citizens have been at the forefront of using the RTI Act to uncover information on various issues of public interest, such as the allocation of public resources, the implementation of welfare schemes, and the functioning of public institutions.

 Key Points

• Empowering Citizens: The RTI Act empowers ordinary citizens to seek information from public authorities, thus reducing the information asymmetry between the government and the governed. It enables citizens to participate more effectively in the democratic process and hold the government accountable.
• Promoting Transparency: The Act mandates public authorities to proactively disclose certain categories of information and to provide requested information within a stipulated timeframe. This helps to promote transparency in government functioning and reduces the scope for corruption and abuse of power.
• Strengthening Accountability: By providing access to information, the RTI Act enables civil society groups to expose wrongdoing, highlight inefficiencies, and demand accountability from public officials. It serves as a powerful tool for combating corruption and ensuring that public resources are used for the intended purposes.
• Facilitating Informed Debate: The information obtained through RTI requests helps civil society groups to engage in informed public debates on important policy issues. It enables them to challenge official narratives, propose alternative solutions, and influence public opinion in favor of their causes.
• Enabling Marginalized Groups: The RTI Act has been particularly useful for marginalized and disadvantaged groups, such as women, Dalits, and Adivasis, who have used it to access information on their entitlements, expose discrimination, and demand their rights.
   

 Additional Information

1. The RTI Act has been widely hailed as a landmark legislation that has transformed the relationship between citizens and the state in India. It has been used by a wide range of civil society groups, including grassroots organizations, advocacy groups, think tanks, and media outlets, to access information on a variety of issues, such as environmental protection, human rights, public health, and education.
2. Some notable examples of the use of RTI by civil society groups include the exposure of irregularities in the allocation of 2G spectrum licenses, the uncovering of corruption in the organization of the Commonwealth Games, and the revelation of the misuse of funds meant for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).
3. However, the effective implementation of the RTI Act has also faced several challenges, such as the resistance from public officials, the backlog of cases in information commissions, and the harassment and intimidation of RTI activists. There have been instances of RTI activists being attacked or even killed for their work, highlighting the risks associated with the use of this powerful tool.
4. Despite these challenges, the RTI Act remains a vital instrument for promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance in India. Civil society groups have played a crucial role in advocating for the effective implementation of the Act and in using it to bring about positive change in society.
5. As India continues to grapple with issues of corruption, inequality, and social justice, the role of civil society groups in using the RTI Act to promote transparency and accountability will remain critical. By empowering citizens to access information and hold those in power accountable, the RTI Act has the potential to deepen democracy and create a more just and equitable society in India.

The correct answer is  Decentralization of power and decision-making

Explanation-

Sarvodaya, meaning "welfare of all," is a socio-economic philosophy developed by Mahatma Gandhi. It is based on the belief that the ultimate goal of society should be to achieve the welfare of all its members, especially the poorest and most marginalized. Sarvodaya emphasizes the importance of nonviolence, cooperation, and decentralized decision-making.

Decentralization of power and decision-making is a key principle of Sarvodaya for the following reasons:

• Gandhi believed that centralized planning and control of the economy leads to inequality and exploitation. He argued that power should be decentralized to the local level, where people can make decisions about their own lives and communities. This would allow for more democratic and participatory decision-making, and it would help to ensure that the needs of all members of society are met.
• Gandhi also believed that the abolition of private property and the means of production is not necessary to achieve Sarvodaya. He argued that private property can be used for the benefit of all if it is used responsibly. However, he did believe that there should be limits on private property and that the state should have the power to regulate its use. He believed that decentralized ownership and control of the means of production would help to prevent the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few individuals or corporations.
• Gandhi was also critical of rapid industrialization and urbanization. He believed that these processes lead to environmental degradation, social inequality, and the alienation of people from their communities. He argued that Sarvodaya can be achieved through a more sustainable and decentralized approach to development. He believed that decentralized decision-making would allow communities to develop their own unique solutions to their problems, based on their own needs and circumstances.

The correct answer is 1961

Explanation:

• Affirmative action, as a term and a set of policies, originated in the United States during the early 1960s in the context of efforts to address historical discrimination and promote equal opportunities for marginalized groups, particularly African Americans.
• The term was first officially used in Executive Order 10925, signed by President John F. Kennedy on March 6, 1961.
• This executive order aimed to combat discrimination by federal contractors based on race, color, religion, or national origin. It marked a groundbreaking step toward fostering inclusivity and equal opportunity in employment.
• The concept of affirmative action gained further momentum during the civil rights era. President Lyndon B. Johnson strengthened and expanded these initiatives with the signing of Executive Order 11246 in 1965.
• This order not only reaffirmed the prohibition of discrimination but also introduced specific affirmative action measures to address the underrepresentation of minority groups and women in the workforce.
• Affirmative action has since evolved into a broader set of policies aimed at fostering diversity and inclusivity, encompassing not only employment but also education and various sectors.
• While it has been a subject of debate and legal challenges, affirmative action continues to be an integral part of efforts to redress historical inequalities and promote equal opportunities for individuals from historically marginalized communities.

Answer(c)Kerala

• In 1957, the Communist Party of India became the first party to form the non-Congress government in Kerala.
• This also led to the formation of first democratically elected communist government in India.
• Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was the first non-Congress President of India.

The correct answer is '1922'

Key Points

• Constructive Programme:
  • The Constructive Programme was a set of initiatives and social reforms proposed by Mahatma Gandhi as part of the Indian independence movement.
  • It was aimed at building a strong foundation for a self-reliant and self-sufficient India by addressing various social issues and promoting community development.
  • The programme included measures such as the promotion of khadi (hand-spun cloth), village industries, upliftment of the untouchables, women's empowerment, and the promotion of communal harmony.

Additional Information

• 1924:
  • This year does not have any specific event related to the announcement of the Constructive Programme by the Indian National Congress.
• 1930:
  • In 1930, the Indian National Congress launched the Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, but it was not related to the announcement of the Constructive Programme.
• 1935:
  • The Government of India Act, 1935 was passed in this year, which laid down the constitutional framework for the government of India, but it was not connected to the Constructive Programme.

The correct answer is '1 and 3'

Key Points

• State Reorganization Act of 1956:
  • The State Reorganization Act of 1956 was a significant piece of legislation in India that aimed to reorganize state boundaries primarily on linguistic lines.
  • The Act was influenced by the recommendations of the Fazal Ali Commission, which was appointed to examine the question of state reorganization.
  • The Commission recommended the reorganization of states based on linguistic and cultural homogeneity, leading to the formation of states where people spoke the same language.

Additional Information

• Andhra Pradesh:
  • While the Act did play a role in forming linguistic states, it did not result in the creation of only one new state, Andhra Pradesh. In fact, several states were reorganized, and new states were formed.
  • Andhra Pradesh was formed earlier in 1953 from the Telugu-speaking regions of the erstwhile Madras State, preceding the Act.
• Other Reorganizations:
  • The State Reorganization Act led to the creation and reorganization of several states such as Kerala, Karnataka, and Maharashtra, among others.
  • The Act was a comprehensive attempt to address the demands for linguistic states, thereby leading to significant changes in the political map of India.

The correct answer is 'Formation of Election Commission, Introduction of Electronic Voting Machines, SVEEP Program'

Key Points

• Formation of Election Commission:
  • The Election Commission of India was established on 25th January 1950. It is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering election processes in India at both the national and state levels.
  • The formation of the Election Commission marked the beginning of a structured and systematic electoral process in India.
• Introduction of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs):
  • The use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in Indian elections was first experimented with in 1982 in the by-election to North Paravur Assembly Constituency in Kerala.
  • The extensive use of EVMs began in the general elections of 2004, enhancing the efficiency and transparency of the voting process.
• SVEEP Program:
  • Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) is a program launched by the Election Commission of India to educate voters and increase electoral participation.
  • The SVEEP program was introduced in 2009 and focuses on voter awareness, education, and participation to ensure a more informed and active electorate.

The correct answer is 'Indigo Revolt, Pabna Agrarian, Kheda Satyagraha, Moplah Uprising'

Key Points

• Indigo Revolt (1859-60):
  • The Indigo Revolt was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the British planters in Bengal.
  • The revolt was triggered by the oppressive and exploitative practices of the indigo planters, who forced the peasants to grow indigo instead of food crops.
• Pabna Agrarian Uprising (1873-76):
  • The Pabna Agrarian Uprising occurred in the Pabna district of Bengal, where peasants revolted against oppressive zamindars (landlords).
  • The movement was characterized by the formation of peasant leagues and demands for fairer rents and rights.
• Kheda Satyagraha (1918):
  • The Kheda Satyagraha was a non-violent resistance movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in the Kheda district of Gujarat.
  • It was launched to support the peasants who were unable to pay the high taxes imposed by the British due to crop failure and plague.
• Moplah Uprising (1921):
  • The Moplah Uprising was a series of violent uprisings by the Muslim Mappila community in the Malabar region of Kerala against the British and the Hindu landlords.
  • The uprising was fueled by agrarian grievances, religious fanaticism, and a reaction against British colonial rule.

Note: This question has been dropped by NTA.

The correct answer is 'Informal organisations of power'

Key Points

• Informal organisations of power:
  • Political parties, pressure groups, public opinion, and popular movements are considered informal organisations because they influence the political process and decision-making without being a part of the formal government structure.
  • They play a significant role in shaping policies, representing interests, and bringing about social change through advocacy, protests, and other forms of public engagement.
  • These entities are crucial in a democracy as they provide a means for citizens to express their views, hold the government accountable, and participate in the political process outside of formal electoral mechanisms.

Additional Information

• Formal organisations of power:
  • This refers to institutions that are officially part of the government structure, such as the executive, legislature, and judiciary.
  • Political parties and pressure groups do not fit this description as they operate outside of these formal structures.
• Helping the governments of the day in governance:
  • While these entities can influence governance, their primary role is not to assist governments directly but to advocate for particular interests and influence public policy.
• Existing only in democracies:
  • Although these organisations are more prominent in democracies, they can exist in other political systems as well, though their influence and functioning might be restricted.