Telecommunication & Wireless Communication MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Telecommunication & Wireless Communication - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The Correct answer is Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).

Key Points

• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a technique that divides bandwidth into fixed time slots, allowing multiple data streams to share a single channel.
• Time Slots: Each source transmits data in its designated slot.
• Synchronization: Ensures accurate time slot allocation between sender and receiver.
• Applications: Widely used in telephony to transmit multiple voice calls over one line.

Additional Information

• Multiplexing is a technique that allows multiple signals from different sources to share a single communication channel, optimizing bandwidth utilization.

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

• Divides the bandwidth of a communication medium into multiple frequency channels.
• Used in radio and television transmission.
• Requires guard bands to prevent inter-channel cross-talk.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM):

• Allocates time slots to different data streams instead of dividing bandwidth.
• Used in digital communication systems.
• Types of TDM:
  • Synchronous TDM: Assigns fixed slots, leading to inefficiency if no data is available.
  • Statistical (Asynchronous) TDM: Dynamically allocates slots, improving bandwidth efficiency.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM):

• Enhances optical fiber capacity by transmitting multiple signals at different wavelengths.
• Used in telecommunications, ISPs, and data centers.
• Types of WDM:
  • Dense WDM (DWDM): Supports up to 80 channels with narrow wavelength spacing.
  • Coarse WDM (CWDM): Supports up to 18 channels with wider wavelength spacing.

The Correct answer is Application Layer.

Key Points

• The application layer:
  • ​The application layer is unique in that it directly engages with user data.
  • Software applications such as web browsers and email clients utilize this layer to initiate communications.
  • It's important to note that client software applications themselves are distinct from the application layer.
  • Instead, the application layer manages protocols and data manipulation, enabling software to present meaningful information to the user.
  • Protocols within the application layer encompass HTTP and SMTP, the latter being crucial for facilitating email communications.

Additional Information

Here is a table summarizing the OSI layers and their functions:

The correct answer is Time Division Multiplexing.

Key Points

• Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is ideal for transporting voice and video because it allows multiple signals to share the same transmission medium by dividing the available time into time slots.
• Each signal is assigned a specific time slot in the repeating cycle, ensuring that the bandwidth is used efficiently and that the data streams are transmitted in a timely and orderly fashion.
• This is particularly important for voice and video, where maintaining the timing and order of the data packets is crucial for ensuring quality and synchronization.

 Additional Information

• Packet Multiplexing:
  • This technique is more suitable for data traffic where timing is less critical.
• Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)
  • CDM allows multiple signals to occupy the same transmission channel by assigning unique codes to each signal.
  • It is commonly used in cellular networks but is less efficient for real-time voice and video compared to Packet Multiplexing.
• Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM)
  • STDM is an advanced form of TDM that allocates time slots based on the statistical properties of the data streams.
  • While it is more efficient than TDM, it still does not match the flexibility and efficiency of Packet Multiplexing for voice and video

The Correct answer is the Presentation layer.

Key Points

• The 7 layers of the OSI model:
  • ​Physical: The bottom layer of the OSI model focuses on the physical transmission of data among networking devices and infrastructure through electrical, optic, or electromagnetic signals.
    • It handles the communication of unstructured raw data streams over a physical medium.
  • Data Link:​ The second layer of the OSI model deals with data transmission among network nodes and oversees connections among physically connected devices like switches.
    • It synchronizes and packages raw data from the physical layer into data frames, incorporating necessary protocols to route information between the relevant nodes.
  • Network: The third layer of the OSI model facilitates the organization and transmission of data across various networks.
    • It is tasked with determining the optimal physical path for data routing, considering factors like network characteristics, traffic controls, data packet congestion, priority of service, and the best available path.
    • Additionally, the network layer employs logical addressing to differentiate between the source and destination networks in data packets.​​
  • Transport: The fourth layer of the OSI model guarantees the secure and accurate delivery of data packets.
    • It incorporates features like error control, flow control, and congestion control to monitor data packets, identify errors and duplicates, and retransmit information that encounters delivery issues.
    • The transport layer utilizes service-point addressing to confirm that the packet corresponds to a specific process, identified through a port address.​
  • Session: A session pertains to any interactive data exchange between two entities in a network.
    • An example is HTTPS sessions enabling users to browse websites for a set duration.
    • The Session Layer handles various tasks, including initiating, terminating, and re-establishing session activities, authenticating and authorizing communication between specific applications and servers, determining full-duplex or half-duplex operations, and synchronizing data streams.
  • Presentation: The sixth layer of the OSI model, known as the presentation layer, transforms data formats between applications and networks.
    • It manages tasks like data conversion, character code translation, data compression, encryption, and decryption.
    • Often referred to as the syntax layer, its role is to align the semantics and syntax of data, ensuring that the received information is compatible with various network entities.
  • ​​Application: The application layer focuses on networking processes at the application level, directly engaging with end-users to facilitate services like email, network data sharing, file transfers, and directory services.
    • Positioned at the top of the OSI model, this layer identifies networking entities, handles end-user requests, assesses resource availability, coordinates communication, and oversees application-specific networking needs.

The Correct answer is Repeater.

 Key Points

• A repeater is a network device used in the data transfer process to strengthen signals as they travel over long distances in a network.
• The primary function of a repeater is to amplify and regenerate signals, preventing them from degrading over extended cable lengths.
• Signal Strength and Distance: As data travels across a network, the strength of the signal tends to diminish over long distances due to factors like cable resistance and other environmental interferences.
  • In networking, especially with technologies like Ethernet, there are limitations on the maximum distance a signal can travel without significant degradation.

Additional Information

• Firewalls:
  • ​A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
  • Function: Firewalls are primarily designed for security purposes, controlling access to or from a private network while allowing or blocking data packets based on security configurations.
• Hubs:
  • ​ A hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple devices in a LAN, allowing them to communicate with each other.
  • Function: Hubs operate at the physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model and simply broadcast data to all connected devices.
• Switching Packets:
  • ​Switching refers to the process of forwarding data packets within a network based on the destination address in each packet.
  • Function: Switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and use MAC addresses to make forwarding decisions.

The correct answer is A and B only.

Key Points

• Communication networks are systems that facilitate the exchange of information and data between devices or entities. These networks enable the transmission of data, voice, video, and other forms of communication. Communication networks can be classified into various types based on their purpose, size, and technology.
• Here are some common types of communication networks:
  • Public Data Network (PDN): A network that supports data transmission services, including internet access and virtual private networks (VPNs).
  • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): A digital telecommunication standard for transmitting voice and data over traditional telephone lines.
  • Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN): A traditional circuit-switched network that provides voice communication services over copper wires.

  • Cellular Networks: Wireless networks that enable mobile communication through cell towers, including 2G, 3G, 4G LTE, and 5G networks.

  • Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects devices within a limited geographic area, typically within a single building or campus.
  • Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that spans a larger geographic area, connecting LANs across cities or even countries.
  • Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi): A wireless network technology that allows devices to connect to a LAN without physical cables. etc

Additional Information

• DELNET
  • ​DELNET (Delhi Library Network) was established in 1988 with the initial support of NISSAT.
  • It was also supported by NIC and at the start of it, 30 Libraries in Delhi were added to this network.
  • Later on, Its Name was changed to Developing Library Network.
  • It is the Oldest and Largest Library Network in India.
  • Presently in India, there are 250 libraries and in the world, 8 libraries are its members.
  • It was registered as a society in 1992.

The correct answer is "X. 25".

Key Points

• X. 25 Protocol -
  • X.25 is an ITU-T ( International Telecommunication Union) standard protocol suite for packet-switched data communication in wide area networks (WAN).  
  • It was developed in 1970 as a global standard for a packet-switching network to connect remote character-based terminals to mainframe hosts.
  • The protocol functions correspond to the functionality to the first three layers of the seven OSI model layers:
    • Physical Layer
    • Data-link Layer
    • Network/Packet Layer
  • The flow diagram of X.25 Protocol is given below in the picture:

Additional Information

• Public Data Network (PDN) -
  • In communications, a PDN is a circuit- or packet-switched network that is available to the public and that can transmit data in digital form.
  • 'Datapac' in 1976 also known as  "Canada's packet-switched X.25" was the first PDN to use X.25.

The Correct answer is ​A measure of the data transfer rate:

Key Points

• A "Bandwidth in network" is called "Data Transfer Rate" or simply "Transfer Rate."
• It refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over a network or communication channel in a given amount of time.​

Additional Information

• The size of a network can be expressed by the geographic area they occupy and the number of computers that are part of the network.
• For any two locations in a spatial network, their network distance is the length of the shortest path between these two locations along the network.

Confusion Points

• Bandwidth vs speed;
  • ​Bandwidth is how much information you receive every second, while speed is how fast that information is received or downloaded.
• Bandwidth vs latency:
  • ​Latency is sometimes referred to as delay or ping rate. It's the lag you experience while waiting for something to load.
• Bandwidth vs throughput:
  • ​Throughput is how much information actually gets delivered in a certain amount of time. So if bandwidth is the max amount of data, throughput is how much of that data makes it to its destination – taking latency, network speed, packet loss and other factors into account.

The Correct answer is Netnography:

Key Points

• Netnography:
  • It is a specific approach to conducting ethnography on the internet. It is a qualitative, interpretive research methodology that adapts traditional ethnographic techniques to the study of social media.
  • The term netnography is a portmanteau combining "Internet" or "network" with "ethnography".
  • Netnography was originally developed in 1995 by marketing professor Robert Kozinets.
• Networked community:
  • It is actually physical communities that are supported by an online network. In networked community, online interaction through communication technologies is considered to be a means of sustaining local community life.
• Meta-ethnography
  • It is a method that allows synthesizing qualitative studies in order to achieve a new conceptual understanding of a particular phenomenon.
• Online Assessment:
  • Online assessment is the process of conducting a test online to gauge the participants’ learning and mastery over a particular subject.
  • An online assessment may be administered with a specific intent, such as ascertaining a candidate’s skills, knowledge, or learning abilities.

Additional Information

• ETHNOGRAPHY:
  • ​The method is also known as ‘ethnomethodology’ or ‘methodology of people’.
  • Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures.
  • The term ethnography is from the Greek.
  • Gerhard Friedrich Müller developed the concept of ethnography.
  •  
• Forms of Ethnography:
  • Autoethnography.
  • Digital ethnography
  • Multispecies ethnography.
  • Relational ethnography

The Correct answer is The Session Layer.

Key Points

Here's a table summarizing the seven layers of the OSI Model and their respective functions: