Understanding Society MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Understanding Society - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is (iii) (iv) (ii) (i).Key Points

• The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (French: Les formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse), published by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in 1912, is a book that analyzes religion as a social phenomenon. Durkheim attributes the development of religion to the emotional security attained through communal living.
• Suicide: A Study in Sociology is an 1897 book written by French sociologist Émile Durkheim. It was the first methodological study of a social fact.
• The Division of Labour in Society is the doctoral dissertation of the French sociologist Émile Durkheim, published in 1893. 
• The Rules of Sociological Method is a book by Émile Durkheim, first published in 1895. It is recognized as being the direct result of Durkheim's own project of establishing sociology as a positivist social science.

Additional Information

• David Émile Durkheim was a French sociologist. Durkheim formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is commonly cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science, along with both Karl Marx and Max Weber.
• Durkheim's anomie theory describes the effects of the social division of labor developing in early industrialism and the rising suicide rate. Accordingly, in times of social upheaval, “collective consciousness” is weakened and previous norms, moral convictions, and controls dwindle.

Thus, the books are written by Emile Durkheim in chronological order The Division of Labour in Society >The Rules of Sociological Method >Suicide>The Elementary Forms of Religious Life.

The correct answer is Manuel Castells.

Key Points

• Manuel Castells Oliván, a Spanish sociologist, was born on February 9, 1942.
• He is best known as the author of The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture, a trilogy of books.
• He is globalization, communication, and information society scholar.
• For example, The Urban Question: A Marxist Approach was originally published (in French) in 1972, and is a major development in the field of urban sociology.
• This work emphasizes the role of social movements in the conflictive transformation of the city (cf. post-industrial society).
• Castells emphasizes that problems within cities do not exist in a social vacuum and that they must be contextualized to be appropriately analyzed
• Castells no longer considers himself to be a Marxist.
• This ideological shift came when he discovered that Marxism could not adequately analyse the concepts he wanted to investigate.

The correct answer is Protest and Change.Key Points

• Professor D. N. Dhanagare was an Indian sociologist who specialized in farmers' movements and rural sociology.
• His major books were:
  • ​Peasant Movements in India
  • Themes and Perspectives in Indian Sociology
  • Populism and Power
• Hence book not written by Dhangre is Protest and Change.
•  Protest and Change: The analysis of protest movements as sources of social change has been largely neglected in the social sciences. Oommen argues that until now the basic sources of change have been taken to be the economy or those watersheds in human history labeled as agrarian, industrial, or information revolutions.

Additional Information

• ​Peasant Movements in India: This book has become established as the most important analysis of the role of the peasantry in revolutionary or near-revolutionary movements in India.
• Populism and Power: This book traces the entire trajectory of the farmers’ movement in Western India, especially Maharashtra, from the 1980s to the present day. It reveals the fundamental contradictions between populism as an ideology and as political power

Thus, the book NOT written by D.N. Dhanagre is Protest and Change.

Option 1) A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1 is the correct answer.

Important Points

• Ann Oakley wrote The Captured Womb: A History of the Medical Care of Pregnant Women.
• Erving Goffman authored Forms of Talk.
• Richard Jenkins wrote Social Identity.
• Sylvia Walby authored The Future of Feminism.

Additional Information

• Ann Oakley is a feminist sociologist known for her research on gender and women's experiences.
• Erving Goffman is a Canadian sociologist who studied the interactional aspects of everyday life and developed the concept of "dramaturgy."
• Richard Jenkins is a British sociologist who has made important contributions to the field of social identity theory.
• Sylvia Walby is a feminist sociologist who has conducted research on gender-based violence and developed the concept of patriarchy as a social system.

The correct answer is All of these.Key Points

• The History of Sexuality is a four-volume study of sexuality in the Western world by the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault, in which the author examines the emergence of "sexuality. For him, Sexuality is an arena where relations of power are worked out.
• Foucault emphasizes that power is not discipline, rather discipline is simply one way in which power can be exercised. He also uses the term 'disciplinary society', discussing its history and the origins and disciplinary institutions such as prisons, hospitals, asylums, schools, and army barracks.
• Foucault adopted the term 'discourse' to denote a historically contingent social system that produces knowledge and meaning. He notes that discourse is distinctly material in effect, producing what he calls 'practices that systematically form the objects of which they speak.

Additional Information

• The four major sociological theories of power are the class theory of power, elite theory of power, pluralist theory of power, and gender theory of power.
• Michael Mann's scheme focuses on a classification of four power sources: military, economic, political, and ideological. He has identified these as an effective way of understanding world history. Thus, he concentrates on these power sources as arganizational realizations of power.
• According to Mills, the eponymous "power elite" are those that occupy the dominant positions, in the three pillar institutions (state security, economic and political) of a dominant country.

Thus, concepts  addressed in Foucault's work are Sexuality, Discipline, and Discourse.

The correct answer is Sustainable Development.

Key Points

• Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• This concept was popularized by the Brundtland Commission in its 1987 report titled "Our Common Future".
• Sustainable development encompasses three main pillars: economic growth, environmental protection, and social equity.
• It aims to achieve a balance between economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion.
• Policies and practices that promote sustainable development include renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, waste reduction, and conservation of natural resources.

Additional Information

• Economic Development
  • Economic development refers to the improvement of economic well-being and quality of life for a community by creating and retaining jobs and supporting or growing incomes and the tax base.
  • Unlike sustainable development, economic development may not always consider environmental and social impacts.
• Economic Growth
  • Economic growth is the increase in the market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.
  • It is typically measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product (GDP).
  • Economic growth does not necessarily ensure sustainable development, as it may lead to environmental degradation and social inequality.

The correct answer is S.V. Ketkar."Key Points

• The Book "History of Caste in India" is authored by Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar, provides a descriptive account of the History of Caste in India with the evidence of the laws of manu on the social conditions in India during the third century A.D. interpreted and examined.
• This book was first published in 1909.

Additional Information

• N.K. Dutta studied occupational hierarchy due to prevalent caste system.
• Majumdar and Madan wrote An introduction to Anthropology.
• Herbert Risley gave racial theory of cate system.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was launched in the IXth Five Year Plan for Universalisation of Elementary Education.Important Points

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a government of India program aimed at promoting universal elementary education.
• The program was launched in 2001 and focuses on improving access to education, reducing dropout rates, and improving learning outcomes.
• SSA provides support for a range of activities, including teacher training, curriculum development, construction of school infrastructure, and the provision of learning materials and equipment.​

Additional Information

• The main functions of SSA include promoting universal access to education, improving the quality of education, and reducing disparities in educational outcomes.
• The program aims to provide basic education to all children aged 6-14 years and to ensure that they have the skills and knowledge needed to participate fully in society.
• SSA also focuses on the inclusion of marginalized and disadvantaged groups, such as girls, children with disabilities, and children from socially and economically marginalized communities.

The correct answer is Rural India in Transition.Key Points

• Govind Sadashiv Ghurye was a pioneering Indian academic who was a professor of sociology. In 1924, he became the second person to head the Department of Sociology at the University of Bombay. And, is widely regarded as the founder of Indian Sociology & Sociology in India.
• Books by Ghurye are: 
  • ​Caste and Race in India
  • Caste and Class in India
  • Cities and Civilization
• Rural India in Transition authored by A. R. Desai.

Additional Information

• Caste and Race in India: Over The Years This Book Has Remained A Basic Work For Students Of India Sociology And Anthropology And Has Been Acknowledged As A Bona-Fide Classic.
• Caste and Class in India - Govind Sadashiv Ghurye. This work of G S Ghurye is a presentation of his views on the history and the origin of the caste.
• Cities and Civilization: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.
• Akshay Ramanlal Desai was an Indian sociologist, Marxist, and social activist. He was a Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at the University of Bombay in 1967.
• According to Desai, India's nationalism is the result of the material conditions created by British colonialism. The Britishers developed new economic relations by introducing industrialization and modernization.

Thus, A book not authored by G.S. Ghurye is Rural India in Transition.

The correct answer is Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.Key Points

• Sociology and social anthropology developed in India in the colonial interests and intellectual curiosity of the western scholars on the one hand, and the reactions of the Indian scholars on the other.
• British administrators had to acquire the knowledge of customs, manners, and institutions of their subjects.
• The roots of sociology and social anthropology go back to the period when British officials realized that a knowledge of Indian culture and social life was indispensable for them in their administration work.

Additional Information

• Social Anthropology is the comparative study of the ways in which people live in different social and cultural settings across the globe. Societies vary enormously in how they organize themselves, the cultural practices in which they engage, as well as their religious, political, and economic arrangements.
• Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.
• Anthropology is the study of the origin and development of human societies and cultures. Culture is the learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material goods.

Thus, Sociology and Social Anthropology in India developed colonial interests because the British realized the need to understand the native society and its culture in the interest of smooth administration.