India’s Foreign Policy MCQ Quiz in தமிழ் - Objective Question with Answer for India’s Foreign Policy - இலவச PDF ஐப் பதிவிறக்கவும்

The correct answer is 'A - IV, B - I, C - II, D - III'

Key Points

• Boxer Rebellion in China (A - IV):
  • The Boxer Rebellion was an anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1900 and 1901.
  • It was initiated by the "Righteous and Harmonious Fists" and targeted foreign nationals and Chinese Christians.
• Mexican Revolution (B - I):
  • The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle from 1910 to 1920, radically transforming Mexican culture and government.
  • It began as a rebellion against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz and developed into a multi-sided civil war.
• Japan invaded Manchuria (C - II):
  • In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, a region in Northeast China, marking a significant event leading up to the Second World War.
  • This invasion was part of Japan’s imperialist expansion and led to the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo.
• Germany Reoccupied the Rhineland (D - III):
  • In 1936, Nazi Germany remilitarized the Rhineland, violating the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Treaties.
  • This move was a key step in Hitler’s aggressive foreign policy and a precursor to further expansionist actions.

• Historical Context:
  • Understanding these events helps in comprehending the global political dynamics and shifts during the early 20th century.
  • Each event had significant implications for international relations and the subsequent course of history.

The correct answer is '(A), (D) and (E) Only'

Key Points

• China's peaceful rise:
  • The concept of China's peaceful rise was introduced to assure the world that China's growing power would not pose a threat to international peace and stability.
  • However, several actions by China contradict this claim and suggest that the peaceful rise is more myth than reality.
• China's nibbling of neighbours' territory through "Salami Slicing" strategy:
  • This strategy involves gradually encroaching on the territories of neighboring countries to gain strategic advantages without provoking a full-scale conflict.
  • Examples include territorial disputes in the South China Sea and the Sino-Indian border regions.
• China's assertion of 9-dash lines:
  • The 9-dash line is a demarcation line used by China to claim large areas of the South China Sea, conflicting with claims by other countries like Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia.
  • This assertion has led to significant tensions and conflicts in the region, undermining the notion of a peaceful rise.
• China's pursuit of "Wolf-Warrior Diplomacy":
  • This aggressive and confrontational style of diplomacy involves Chinese diplomats adopting a more assertive and nationalistic approach in defending China's interests.
  • This approach has strained China's relationships with various countries and is at odds with the idea of a peaceful rise.

Additional Information

• China's massive aid to Asian and African countries:
  • While China provides significant aid to many countries, this is often seen as part of its strategy to expand its influence and secure access to resources, rather than a purely altruistic act.
  • This aid can create dependency and leverage for China, which may not align with the concept of a peaceful rise.
• China's support to non-democratic and authoritarian countries:
  • China's alliances with authoritarian regimes can be viewed as a means to counterbalance Western influence rather than a commitment to peaceful coexistence.
  • Such support can destabilize regions and contribute to international tensions.

The correct answer is '(A), (B) and (D) Only.'

Key Points

• China has blocked India's membership to NSG (Nuclear Suppliers Group):
  • China has repeatedly blocked India's entry into the NSG, arguing that India is not a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
  • This has been a significant point of contention in Sino-Indian relations.
• India has refused to be part of China promoted BRI (Belt and Road Initiative):
  • India has consistently opposed the BRI, citing sovereignty concerns, particularly with the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passing through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
  • India also expresses concerns over debt-trap diplomacy and lack of transparency in the BRI projects.
• India and China cooperate with each other in climate change talks:
  • Despite other differences, India and China have found common ground in climate change negotiations, advocating for the interests of developing countries.
  • Both countries are part of the BASIC group (Brazil, South Africa, India, China) that seeks to influence global climate policies.

Additional Information

• Gujral doctrine believes in reciprocity:
  • The Gujral Doctrine, named after former Indian Prime Minister I.K. Gujral, emphasizes non-reciprocal accommodation of India’s smaller neighbors to foster better relations.
  • This doctrine aims at creating a peaceful neighborhood without expecting reciprocal gestures.
• Sino-Indian trade is an example of balanced trade:
  • Contrary to the statement, Sino-Indian trade is highly imbalanced, with India facing a significant trade deficit with China.
  • India has been trying to address this trade imbalance through various measures and negotiations.

The correct answer is 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation: India had a strong defence partnership with the USSR. The USA did impose sanctions on India in 1998, but these were later lifted. However, the statement about India and China resolving all border disputes is incorrect; these remain ongoing issues.

 Key Points

• The defense partnership between India and the USSR, and later Russia, has been a significant aspect of India's foreign and defense policy. During the Cold War era, India maintained a policy of non-alignment but developed a close relationship with the USSR. This relationship was marked by significant defense cooperation, with the USSR becoming a major supplier of military hardware to India. This partnership continued even after the dissolution of the USSR, with Russia remaining a key defense partner for India.
• The USA did impose sanctions on India in 1998 following India's nuclear tests. These tests were seen as a breach of the non-proliferation norm, and the sanctions were part of an international response to discourage nuclear proliferation. The sanctions included a ban on the transfer of technology and military equipment, as well as economic measures. However, these sanctions were gradually lifted, especially after the 9/11 attacks, as the USA and India found common ground in the fight against terrorism and in balancing the rise of China. The relationship between the USA and India has since evolved into a strategic partnership, with increasing defense and economic cooperation.
• Regarding India and China, the statement about resolving all border disputes is indeed incorrect. India and China share a long and complex border, and there have been several disputes and stand-offs over the years. The primary disputes are over the Aksai Chin region, which is controlled by China but claimed by India, and the Arunachal Pradesh region, which is administered by India but claimed by China. These border disputes have been a source of tension in India-China relations and have led to several military stand-offs, including the 1962 war and more recent skirmishes.

 Additional Information

• Efforts have been made to manage these disputes through diplomatic channels, and there have been several rounds of talks and agreements to maintain peace and stability along the border.
• However, a final resolution of these disputes has not been achieved, and they continue to be a significant point of contention between India and China. The complex historical, strategic, and nationalistic factors involved make these disputes challenging to resolve.

The correct answer is 2017.

Key Points

• 19th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Conference:
  • The 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held from October 18 to October 24, 2017, in Beijing.
  • This conference is a significant event in Chinese politics as it sets the direction for the party and the country for the next five years.
  • During the conference, Xi Jinping was reaffirmed as the General Secretary of the CCP, solidifying his authority.
  • The congress also introduced Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into the CCP Constitution.

Additional Information

• Other Options Explained:
  • 2013:
    • The 18th National Congress of the CCP was held in 2012, not 2013. This congress marked the transition of leadership from Hu Jintao to Xi Jinping.
  • 2015:
    • No significant CCP Congress was held in 2015. The 18th Congress was held in 2012, and the 19th Congress in 2017.
  • 2019:
    • The 19th Congress was held in 2017, and the next, the 20th, was scheduled for 2022, not 2019.

The correct answer is 'A - I, B - II, C - III'

Key Points

• Abul Ahsan:
  • Abul Ahsan served as the first Secretary General of SAARC from January 16, 1987, to October 15, 1989.
• Yadav Kant Silwal:
  • Yadav Kant Silwal held the position of Secretary General of SAARC from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 1995.
• Naeem U. Hasan:
  • Naeem U. Hasan served as the Secretary General of SAARC from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1998.

Additional Information

• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and geopolitical organization of eight countries that are primarily located in South Asia.
• Its Secretary General is appointed for a tenure of three years.
• The correct sequence of Secretary Generals and their tenures is crucial for understanding the administrative history and leadership of SAARC.

The correct answer is (i), (ii), and (iii)

India's maritime security policy is multi-faceted, aimed at achieving several objectives crucial for safeguarding its interests and maintaining stability in the Indian Ocean region.

Key Points

(i) Protecting India's sea-borne trade and commerce: 

• India heavily relies on maritime trade for its economic prosperity, with a significant portion of its trade being transported through sea routes.
• Protecting sea-borne trade and commerce ensures the uninterrupted flow of goods and energy resources, vital for India's economic growth and development.

(ii) Monitoring the activities of external powers in the Indian Ocean region:

• India seeks to maintain a vigilant watch over the activities of external powers in the Indian Ocean region to safeguard its strategic interests and sovereignty.
• Monitoring helps in ensuring freedom of navigation, countering maritime terrorism, and preventing the establishment of hostile military presence in the region.

(iii) Protecting Indian fishermen from foreign security forces:

• Indian fishermen often face challenges such as harassment and detention by foreign security forces while fishing in international waters.
• India's maritime security policy includes measures to protect Indian fishermen from such incidents, ensuring their safety and livelihoods.

Additional Information India's maritime security strategy encompasses a range of measures, including deploying naval assets, conducting maritime patrols, and enhancing maritime domain awareness.
Cooperation with other maritime nations and participation in international naval exercises play a crucial role in enhancing India's capacity for maritime security.
Therefore, the correct answer is (i), (ii), and (iii), as India's maritime security policy addresses all these objectives to ensure comprehensive maritime security in the Indian Ocean region.

The correct answer is Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: The Gujral Doctrine indeed guides India's relations with its neighbors, focusing on mutual trust and cooperative coexistence. The reason part is true in its emphasis on non-reciprocal and accommodating relations, but it is not the sole explanation of the Doctrine.

 Key PointsThe Gujral Doctrine, named after Inder Kumar Gujral, who served as India's Prime Minister in the late 1990s, is a set of five principles formulated to guide the foreign policy of India with its immediate neighbors. It's important to note that this doctrine is not specific to Pakistan but applies to all neighboring countries of India. Here are the key aspects of the Gujral Doctrine in detail:

• Unilateral Accommodation: One of the core principles of the Gujral Doctrine is the concept of unilateral accommodation. This means that India would not expect reciprocity from its smaller neighbors for concessions it makes. This principle was born out of the realization that as the largest country in South Asia, India can and should be generous without expecting proportional returns. The idea was to build trust and reduce regional tensions.
• No Use of Reciprocity: The Doctrine emphasizes that in dealing with neighboring countries, India should not insist on reciprocity or demand concessions in response to what it has offered. This approach was intended to build a more amicable and cooperative relationship, especially with smaller neighboring countries, to foster a more harmonious regional environment.
• Non-interference in Internal Affairs: Respecting the sovereignty of neighboring countries, the Doctrine advocates for non-interference in the internal affairs of these countries. This principle was aimed at building trust and improving bilateral relations by ensuring that India would not involve itself in the domestic politics of its neighbors.
• Mutual Respect and Cooperation: The Gujral Doctrine emphasizes mutual respect and cooperative coexistence. It encourages India and its neighbors to work together for regional peace and stability, recognizing the benefits of economic cooperation and regional integration.
• Strengthening SAARC: The Gujral Doctrine also aimed at strengthening the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as a forum for effectively resolving regional issues and promoting collective development. By doing so, it sought to enhance regional integration and cooperation among South Asian countries.

 Additional Information

• The Gujral Doctrine was a significant shift in India's foreign policy, especially in its approach towards its immediate neighbors. It was seen as a move away from the more reciprocal and sometimes hardline policies of the past. While the Doctrine was not solely about Pakistan, it did encompass the relationship with Pakistan under its broader regional approach. The primary objective was to create an environment of trust and mutual respect, leading to a more peaceful and cooperative South Asia.

The correct answer is B, D, C, A, E

Explanation: Several significant agreements and accords were inked between the Indian government and regional organizations. In 1973, the Shiromani Akali Dal presented the Anandpur Sahib Resolution. Subsequently, the Shillong Agreement of 1975 addressed the insurgency crisis in Nagaland. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord aimed to pacify the separatist movement in Punjab, coinciding with the signing of the Assam Accord to tackle political instability. Finally, the conclusion of decades-long violence in Mizoram was marked by the Mizo Peace Accord of 1986.

Anandpur Sahib Resolution (1973):

• Background: The Anandpur Sahib Resolution was put forth by the Shiromani Akali Dal, a political party representing the Sikhs in Punjab. The resolution was a response to perceived economic and political marginalization of the Sikh community and sought greater autonomy for the state of Punjab.
• Objectives: The primary objectives were to secure political and economic rights for the Sikh-majority state of Punjab within the Indian Union. It demanded more powers for the state government and greater protection for the Sikh religious and cultural identity.
• Outcome: The resolution was not accepted by the Indian government, and the demand for an autonomous state was not fulfilled. Tensions escalated, eventually leading to the Operation Blue Star in 1984, a military action to remove militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar.

Shillong Agreement (1975):

• Background: The Shillong Accord was a result of negotiations between the Indian government and the Naga National Council (NNC) to address the insurgency crisis in Nagaland. The Naga insurgency sought independence for the Naga-inhabited areas.
• Objectives: The accord aimed to bring an end to the violent insurgency and establish a framework for the Naga people to be integrated into the Indian Union while preserving their cultural and ethnic identity.
• Outcome: The accord, however, faced criticism and opposition from some factions within the Naga movement. The dissatisfaction eventually led to the formation of other Naga insurgent groups, perpetuating some level of conflict in the region.

Rajiv Gandhi-Longowal Accord (1985):

• Background: This accord was a response to the long-standing demand for Sikh autonomy and the separatist movement led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale in Punjab. The demand for an independent Sikh state, Khalistan, was a major challenge to the Indian state.
• Objectives: The accord aimed to bring an end to the separatist movement by addressing the political and economic demands of the Sikhs. It outlined provisions for greater autonomy for Punjab and Sikh rights.
• Outcome: Unfortunately, the accord did not lead to lasting peace. The assassination of Harchand Singh Longowal, one of the key signatories, in 1985, and subsequent events, including Operation Black Thunder, continued to fuel tensions in Punjab.

Assam Accord (1985):

• Background: The Assam Accord was a response to the Assam Agitation, which protested against the alleged influx of "illegal" immigrants, particularly from Bangladesh, leading to demographic changes in Assam.
• Objectives: The accord aimed to address the concerns of the Assamese people by identifying and deporting illegal immigrants, protecting the cultural and linguistic rights of the indigenous population, and restoring political stability in the state.
• Outcome: The accord led to the implementation of various measures, including the updating of the National Register of Citizens (NRC). However, challenges and controversies surrounding the identification of illegal immigrants persisted.

Mizo Peace Accord (1986):

• Background: The Mizo Peace Accord was the result of negotiations between the Indian government and the Mizo National Front (MNF), an insurgent group seeking independence for Mizoram.
• Objectives: The accord aimed to bring an end to decades-long violence and insurgency in Mizoram by addressing the political and economic demands of the Mizo people.
• Outcome: The accord successfully led to the establishment of peace in Mizoram. The MNF leader, Laldenga, became the Chief Minister of Mizoram, marking the beginning of a new era of stability and development in the region.

 Additional Information

• These agreements and accords reflect the complex socio-political challenges faced by the Indian government in dealing with regional aspirations, autonomy demands, and separatist movements.
• While some accords have contributed to peace and stability, others have faced criticism and challenges in their implementation, highlighting the ongoing complexities of India's federal structure.

The correct answer is A & C
Explanation: India, the first non-socialist bloc country to establish diplomatic relations with China on 1st April 1950, witnessed a phase of improvement in bilateral relations starting in 1988.

 Key PointsThe establishment of diplomatic relations between India and China on April 1, 1950, marked an important milestone in the diplomatic history of both nations. It's crucial to understand the context and subsequent developments to grasp the significance of this event.

• Post-Independence Period (1947-1950): India gained independence from British rule in 1947, and soon after, it adopted a non-aligned foreign policy, aiming to maintain its sovereignty and independence from the Cold War blocs led by the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1950, the People's Republic of China (PRC) was officially established under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Mao Zedong.
• Establishment of Diplomatic Relations (1950): India, under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, took the initiative to establish diplomatic ties with the newly formed People's Republic of China. India was the first non-socialist bloc country to recognize the PRC. This move was in line with India's policy of non-alignment and its commitment to building friendly relations with all nations.
• Initial Years (1950s-1960s): The initial years of the diplomatic relationship were generally positive, with leaders like Nehru and Zhou Enlai expressing a commitment to the principles of Panchsheel, a set of principles aimed at promoting peaceful coexistence. However, tensions began to emerge over border issues, particularly in the Himalayan region.
• Border Disputes and the Sino-Indian War (1962): The border disputes between India and China, particularly regarding the Aksai Chin region, escalated, leading to the Sino-Indian War in 1962. The war resulted in a significant strain in bilateral relations and left a lasting impact on the way the two nations viewed each other.
• Post-War Period (1960s-1980s): Following the war, diplomatic relations were strained, and both countries maintained a degree of mistrust. The absence of formal diplomatic ties hindered the development of a positive relationship between India and China during this period.
• Normalization and Improvement (1980s-1988): The turning point came in the 1980s when both countries started to explore ways to normalize and improve their relations. In 1988, Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited China, marking a significant step in the thawing of relations between the two nations.
• Bilateral Agreements and Confidence-Building Measures:  Subsequent to the visit, both countries engaged in a series of diplomatic dialogues and negotiations. Bilateral agreements and confidence-building measures were implemented to address border issues and promote mutual trust.
• Post-1988 Period: Since the late 1980s, there has been a gradual improvement in Sino-Indian relations, with both countries engaging in economic cooperation, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic dialogues.
• Challenges and Opportunities: Despite improvements, challenges remain, particularly in addressing longstanding border disputes. However, both nations have recognized the importance of maintaining stability in the region and fostering economic cooperation.

Additional Information

• India's decision to establish diplomatic relations with China in 1950 reflected its commitment to non-alignment and a desire for friendly relations with all nations. While the relationship faced challenges, especially during the 1962 war, the phase of improvement from 1988 onward marked a positive shift, with both nations working towards building a more stable and cooperative relationship.