Floor and Roof MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Floor and Roof - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

Explanation:

(i) A queen post is a tension member in a truss that can span longer openings than a king post truss.

(ii) A king post uses one central supporting post, whereas the queen post truss uses two. Even though it is a tension member, rather than a compression member, it is commonly still called a post.

(iii) King Post Truss - Span length is in the range of 5 to 8 meters.

(iv) Queen Post Truss - Span length is in between 8 to 12 meters.

(v) Pratt Truss - Span length is in between 6 to 10 meters.

(vi) Howe Truss - Span length is in between 6 to 30 meters.

Explanation:

Eaves

• The lower edge of the inclined roof surface is called eaves.
• The projection of the roof beyond the surface of wall is eave and the wooden board which covers the ends of common rafters.

Additional Information 

The various parts of the roof are as follows:

• Pitch: The inclination of the roof.
• Hip: The hip is the external angle at which adjacent sloping sides of a roof meet. The degree of such an angle is referred to as the hip bevel.
• Gable: The triangular upper part of a wall formed at the end of a pitched roof.
• Span: Horizontal distance between internal faces of wall
• Rise: The vertical distance between top of ridge piece and wall plate
• Ridge: Wooden member provided in ridge line
• Rafters: Members which support extend from eaves to ridge
• Common Rafter : Rafter which supports roofs covering and extend from eaves to ridge
• Principal rafter: Rafter which supports purlins
• Jack rafter: Rafters shorter than common rafter
• Hip rafter: Rafter provided on the junction of two slopes
• Batten: Wooden plank on which roof covering is fixed
• Cleat: Small wooden blocks fixed on principal rafter to prevent purlin from sliding.

Explanation:

Soil treatment

The emulsion should be applied evenly at the following stages.

Stage 1

• In foundation pits, to treat the bottom and sides upto a height of 30 cm.

Stage 2

• Refill earth on both sides of the wall, for a width of 30 cm and depth of 45 cm approximately.

Stage 3

• Before laying the floor, entire levelled surface is to be treated at the rate of 5 litres of emulsion per square meter.

Additional InformationMethods of Anti-termite treatment

1. Preconstruction treatment

a. Site preparation

• Remove stumps, roots, logs, waste, wood etc.
• Detect termite mounds and destruct these by using insecticide solution.

b.Soil treatment

• The best method to protect the building to protect against termites is to apply a chemical treatment to the soil at the time of construction of the building.
• A complete chemical barrier is created.
• An insecticide solution consist of any one of the following chemicals in water solution

c. Structural Barriers

• These are concrete layer of 5 cm - 7.5 cm thick or metal sheets (Copper or G.I. Sheets 0.8 mm thick)

2. Post construction treatment

• It is a maintenance treatment. 
• Open earth around building and treat it with chemicals.
• In wood work or masonry work, bore holes and inject chemicals. 

Explanation:

Concrete:

The proportion of lean cement concrete used in cement concrete floors is 1:3:6.

A concrete of proportion a:b:c means the ratio of the weighted quantity of cement (a) to fine aggregate (b) to the coarse aggregate (c).

The following proportion of the ingredients of concrete mix is used in the arbitrary method of proportioning:

Explanation:

The various components of the roof trusses are explained below;

• Principal rafter or Chord: The main member that forms the outline of a truss and is subjected to enormous axial force and bending moment. The principal rafter of a roof truss is designed as s continuous strut.
• Web: The members that connect the bottom and top chords to form a triangular shape are the webs of roof trusses.
• Node: The point of convergence of at least two members that make up the panels of a truss is referred to as a node.
• Joint: A joint is the point at which at least one web intersects with a chord.
• Apex: It is the highest point where the sloping top chords join together.
• Bottom Chords: These are the shortest longitudinal member of the roof trusses. The bottom chord member of the roof truss is known as the main tie or principal tie.
• Purlin: Purlins are beams that are provided over roof trusses to support the roof coverings. Purlins span between the top chords of two adjacent roof trusses and transmit the loads from roof coverings to the trusses.

Explanation:

The ratio of cement mortar used to fix tiles on the floor is 1:1.

Additional InformationThere is a different type of tiles used in building construction which are unique to the type of surface where it must be applied. Following are the types of tiles based on surface of application:

• Roofing tiles,
• Flooring tiles,
• Wall tiles, and
• Partition tiles.

 Procedure for laying of  floor tiles

• Firstly, levelled hard bed or 15 cm thick P.C.C is prepared.
• Over this bed, a thin layer of cement mortar 1:1 is laid.
• Then pre cast tiles of cement concrete or pottery are laid over it carefully, filling the joints with mortar, which are generally paper thick.
• Extra cement is wiped off and joints cleaned with saw dust. After curing the surface is rubbed and polished.

Explanation:

• Ridge is the horizontal line at the apex where two sloping sides of a roof meet.

• It is the highest point on a pitched roof and serves as a structural element that connects the sloping roof surfaces.

Explanation:

Terazzo floor

• In this floor, marble chips of various shades are used as aggregate.
• The proportion of terrazzo mix is generally 1:2 to 1:3 i.e, one part of cement to two to three parts of marble chips by volume.
• Prepare base concrete surface of 75cm thick.
• Over this cement mortar 1:3 of 34 mm thick is laid, and zigzag line are market on it. Surface is cured for effect.
• The cement and marble chips are thoroughly mixed wet and laid for a thickness 20 mm.
• The first coat of polishing is done by a coarse carborandom stone, second coat is done by finely grained carborandom stone.
• Wax is applied as a final coat of polishing to get glossy surface
• This floor in generally used for residential buildings, bath room, Clock rooms, etc.

Explanation:

Upper Floor:

• The floors constructed above the ground floor are known as the upper floors.

Additional InformationThe floor is mainly divided into two:

1 Ground Floor

2 Upper floorFloors are classified based on types of materials and construction as follows:

Explanation:

Deck Roof

• A deck roof has a slope in all four directions like a hip roof. But the deck or plane surface is formed at the top.

Additional InformationGable roof:

• This is the common type of sloping roof which slope in two directions. The two slopes meet at the ridge. At the end face a vertical triangle is formed.

Gambrel roof

This roof is like a gable roof, and slopes in two directions. But there is a break in each slope shown in the figure.

Mansard roof

Mansard roof like a hip roof slopes in four directions but each slopes have a
break thus sloping are formed.