Governance and Public Policy in India MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Governance and Public Policy in India - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

The correct answer is 'Inclusiveness and equity'

Key Points

• Inclusiveness and equity:
  • Inclusiveness and equity are foundational principles for good governance, ensuring that all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity, or other differences, have equal opportunities to participate in decision-making processes.
  • Promoting inclusiveness means actively seeking and considering the views and needs of marginalized and disadvantaged groups in society.
  • Equity ensures that resources and opportunities are distributed fairly, recognizing that different people may need different levels of support to achieve similar outcomes.
  • Good governance is characterized by transparency, accountability, and participation, all of which are supported by inclusiveness and equity.

Additional Information

• Hierarchical decision-making:
  • Hierarchical decision-making involves decisions being made by higher authorities in a top-down manner.
  • While it can be efficient, it often lacks the input from lower levels and can lead to decisions that do not reflect the needs and perspectives of all stakeholders.
• Centralization:
  • Centralization refers to the concentration of decision-making authority at a central point in the organization.
  • This approach can lead to a lack of responsiveness to local needs and a reduction in the active participation of individuals at different levels.
• Financial incentives:
  • Financial incentives can be a tool for motivating individuals but are not a characteristic of good governance in itself.
  • Good governance focuses on broader principles such as transparency, accountability, and participation rather than merely financial motivations.

Note: This question has been dropped by NTA.

The correct answer is (D), (A), (C) and (B)

Key Points

• Ministry of Panchayati Raj Initiatives:
  • The Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India, has implemented several measures to empower and make the Panchayats vibrant.
  • These initiatives aim to improve governance, infrastructure, and sustainable development at the grassroots level.
• Release of SOP regarding e-gram Swaraj:
  • This was the earliest measure taken to enhance transparency and efficiency in Panchayat operations through digital means.
  • The SOP provided guidelines for the implementation of e-gram Swaraj.
• SVAMITVA Scheme, Property Survey:
  • This scheme was launched to provide rural people with the right to document their residential properties.
  • It aimed at creating accurate land records for rural planning and reducing property disputes.
• Revamped Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (RGSA):
  • This initiative focused on the localization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  • It aimed to strengthen the Panchayati Raj system and ensure better delivery of services.
• Multi Bijli Yojana:
  • This was the latest measure introduced to install rooftop solar panels and provide free electricity up to 300 units per month.
  • It aimed at promoting renewable energy and reducing the energy burden on rural households.

The correct answer is A is correct but R is not correct
Explanation: 

• Assertion A makes a valid argument that exercising individual autonomy or self-determination requires certain capacities and skills. Developing this requires social conditions and public resources that a liberal state must provide to facilitate meaningful free choice for citizens.
• For example, essential healthcare, education, economic opportunities enable substantive options for people to shape their own lives. Else autonomy is merely on paper for marginalized sections deprived of basic needs fulfillment due to systemic barriers.
• However, the Reason R contends that commitment to autonomy cannot obligate a state to provide supportive conditions citing individuals' duty to independently strive. This reasoning is flawed and counters the premises of liberal political philosophy.
• A liberal state's purpose itself is creating conditions for autonomy and dignity (ideas of Amartya Sen). If autonomous skill-development requires public action to dismantle unequal social constraints, state neutrality principle cannot absolve governments from providing substantive facilities. Rather the neutrality principle demands states enable all members of society become capable of exercising autonomy through developing their knowledge capacities and options availability without discrimination.
• Therefore individual efforts alone cannot suffice if underlying discriminatory societal structures persist due to state inaction. For instance, making high quality healthcare conditional on ability to afford high premiums restricts substantive choice for economically disadvantaged groups. Removing such constraints for equitable access to develop capabilities is government’s duty as per liberal egalitarian principles.

In summary, Assertion correctly contends that actualizing autonomy in a fair, ethical manner necessitates provisioning of facilitating conditions and resources by the liberal state apparatus. But Reason incorrectly limits this obligation citing neutrality, which contradicts the foundations of liberalism.

The correct answer is Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.

Key Points

• Citizen's Charter is a document which represents a systematic effort to focus on the commitment of the Organisation towards its Citizens in respects of Standard of Services, Information, Choice and Consultation, Non-discrimination and Accessibility, Grievance Redress, Courtesy and Value for Money.
• Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) in Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Government of India is given task of coordination, formulation, and implementation of citizen’s charters in India.
• It cannot be challenged in court since it lacks legal enforceability.

Additional Information

• Former British Prime Minister John Major introduced the idea of a citizen's charter in 1991. It began as a nationwide initiative to raise the standard of public services.
  • In the UK, the idea was rebranded as "Services First" in 1998.
• In India, at a "Conference of Chief Ministers of various States and Union Territories" convened in New Delhi in May 1997, the idea of a citizen's charter was first approved.
• Service standards, the amount of time consumers may expect to be serviced, grievance procedures, and a clause allowing for impartial examination by consumer and citizen groups were all required to be included in the charters.
• The DARPG website lists more than 700 charters adopted by various government agencies across India.
• Objectives of Citizen’s Charters:
  • Boost the standard of public services
  • Ensuring transparency and right to information
  • Save time for the client and the service provider
  • Establish definite goals for every service level.

The Correct Answer is Aadhaar

Explanation:

The Aadhaar program in India aims to provide each citizen with a unique identification number based on biometric and demographic data. It is an administrative reform designed to improve the delivery of government services, enhance transparency, and prevent leakages in various social welfare schemes.

Key Points

• Universal Identification: One of the primary goals of Aadhaar is to ensure that every resident in India has a unique and verifiable identification number. This unique identification helps in eliminating duplication, fraud, and identity theft in various government and private sector transactions.
• Efficient Delivery of Government Services: Aadhaar serves as a tool to streamline the delivery of government services to citizens. By providing a standardized and unique identifier, it becomes easier for government agencies to target beneficiaries accurately and deliver services such as subsidies, pensions, and welfare programs directly to the intended recipients. This reduces delays and inefficiencies in service delivery.
• Enhanced Transparency: Aadhaar enhances transparency in various government processes. It helps in verifying the identity of individuals in a secure and tamper-proof manner, reducing the scope for corruption, bribery, and manipulation of records in government offices.
• Preventing Leakages: The Aadhaar program plays a crucial role in preventing leakages and diversion of government funds and benefits. By ensuring that subsidies and welfare benefits reach the targeted beneficiaries, it reduces the opportunities for middlemen to siphon off resources intended for the vulnerable sections of society.
• Financial Inclusion: Aadhaar is linked to bank accounts, which promotes financial inclusion. It enables individuals, especially those in rural and underserved areas, to access banking and financial services, paving the way for economic empowerment and access to credit.
• Digital Authentication: Aadhaar provides a secure and convenient means of digital authentication. Individuals can use their Aadhaar numbers and biometrics for various transactions, including opening bank accounts, obtaining SIM cards, and accessing government services online.
• E-Governance and Digital Transformation: The Aadhaar program aligns with India's broader goals of e-governance and digital transformation. It enables the government to digitize and streamline administrative processes, making them more efficient and citizen-friendly.
• Privacy and Security: While Aadhaar enhances convenience and efficiency, it also places a strong emphasis on privacy and data security. Biometric and demographic data collected under Aadhaar are subject to stringent security measures and privacy regulations to protect individuals' personal information.

Additional Information

• The Aadhaar program in India is an administrative reform initiative designed to provide every citizen with a unique identification number based on biometric and demographic data.
• Its primary objectives include improving the delivery of government services, enhancing transparency, preventing leakages in welfare schemes, and promoting financial inclusion.
• Aadhaar has had a transformative impact on various aspects of governance and has become an integral part of India's digital and administrative landscape.

• Authority is the power to complete an assigned task. It is the legitimate power of a person or group over other people. It can be delegated.
• Responsibility is the commitment to fulfill a task given by an executive. Authority without responsibility leads to irresponsible behavior whereas responsibility without authority makes the person ineffective. It cannot be entirely delegated
• Accountability makes a person answerable for his or her work based on their position, strength, and skills. It cannot be delegated at all.
• Decentralization is the transfer of control of an activity or organization to several local offices or authorities rather than one single one. Delegation of authority throughout all levels facilitates decentralization.