Question
Download Solution PDF______ is an essential element used in the synthesis of proteins.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is Nitrogen.
Key Points
- Nitrogen is a fundamental component of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
- It is essential for the formation of peptide bonds that link amino acids together to form proteins.
- Nitrogen is a major constituent of the genetic material, DNA and RNA, which directs protein synthesis in cells.
- Approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas (N2), making it abundantly available for biological processes.
Additional Information
- Amino Acids
- They are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
- There are 20 different amino acids that can be arranged in various sequences to create a vast array of proteins.
- Peptide Bonds
- These are covalent bonds formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
- Peptide bonds link amino acids together in a chain, forming polypeptides or proteins.
- DNA and RNA
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the genetic blueprint for the synthesis of proteins.
- RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is involved in translating the genetic code into proteins during protein synthesis.
- Protein Synthesis
- This is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription (from DNA to mRNA) and translation (from mRNA to protein).
- Ribosomes, tRNA, and various enzymes play critical roles in this complex process.
- Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation
- Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere, most organisms cannot use it directly and depend on nitrogen fixation.
- Certain bacteria and archaea convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making it available for biological use.
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