______ is an essential element used in the synthesis of proteins.

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DFCCIL Executive CBT1 Electrical 25 Aug 2023 Shift 2 Official Paper
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  1. Sulphur 
  2. Magnesium 
  3. Phosphorus 
  4. Nitrogen

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Nitrogen
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Nitrogen.

Key Points

  • Nitrogen is a fundamental component of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
  • It is essential for the formation of peptide bonds that link amino acids together to form proteins.
  • Nitrogen is a major constituent of the genetic material, DNA and RNA, which directs protein synthesis in cells.
  • Approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen gas (N2), making it abundantly available for biological processes.

Additional Information

  • Amino Acids
    • They are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
    • There are 20 different amino acids that can be arranged in various sequences to create a vast array of proteins.
  • Peptide Bonds
    • These are covalent bonds formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
    • Peptide bonds link amino acids together in a chain, forming polypeptides or proteins.
  • DNA and RNA
    • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) contains the genetic blueprint for the synthesis of proteins.
    • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is involved in translating the genetic code into proteins during protein synthesis.
  • Protein Synthesis
    • This is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription (from DNA to mRNA) and translation (from mRNA to protein).
    • Ribosomes, tRNA, and various enzymes play critical roles in this complex process.
  • Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation
    • Although nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere, most organisms cannot use it directly and depend on nitrogen fixation.
    • Certain bacteria and archaea convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making it available for biological use.
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