There are pollutants which are formed during combustion at high temperature. They pollute air which when inhaled, turns into acid in lungs which eats away at the lungs spongy structure causing it to lose the capacity to absorb oxygen from the air as a result of which person suffers from shortness of breath. These pollutants penetrate deep into the lungs. Such pollutants are

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BPSC AE Paper 4 (General Engineering Science) 10 Nov 2022 Official Paper
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  1. various oxides of nitrogen
  2. carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
  3. methane and carbon dioxide
  4. compounds containing sulphur 

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Option 1 : various oxides of nitrogen
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Explanation:

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), primarily nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and nitric oxide (NO), are pollutants formed during the combustion of fossil fuels at high temperatures, such as in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes. These pollutants can have severe health impacts:

  1. Formation of Acid in Lungs: When inhaled, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) reacts with water in the lungs to form nitric acid (HNO₃). This acid formation can damage the sensitive tissues of the lungs, leading to inflammation and other respiratory issues. The acid essentially eats away at the lungs' spongy structure, impairing the ability to absorb oxygen.

  2. Penetration Deep into the Lungs: NOx pollutants can penetrate deeply into the lung tissues, reaching the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. This deep penetration exacerbates the impact on lung function.

  3. Health Impacts: Exposure to NOx can lead to respiratory problems such as shortness of breath, bronchitis, asthma, and long-term exposure can increase the risk of lung infections. The damage caused by acid formation reduces the lungs' capacity to absorb oxygen, leading to serious health conditions and even chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

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