Which levelling error occurs due to the bending of light rays as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere?

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OSSC JE Civil Mains (Re-Exam) Official Paper: (Held On: 3rd Sept 2023)
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  1. Curvature error
  2. Collimation error
  3. Refraction error
  4. Parallax error

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Refraction error
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Refraction Error in Levelling:

  • Refraction error occurs when light rays bend as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere, especially when there are variations in air density, temperature, and pressure. This bending of light causes the observed object to appear at a different position than its actual location, leading to errors in levelling measurements.
  • This error is common in long sight distances, and atmospheric conditions can cause significant deviations in measurements, which need to be accounted for.

Solution:

The correct choice is: Option 3) Refraction error 

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