Which one of the following thinkers believes that 'Justice requires equal access to advantage for all people' ?

The correct answer is Robert Nozick.

• Robert Nozick was an American philosopher. He held the Joseph Pellegrino University Professorship at Harvard University,
• And as president of the American Philosophical Association. He is best known for his books Anarchy, State, and Utopia a libertarian answer to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice.

Important Points

1. Nozick (a departmental colleague of Rawls at Harvard) was one of the first and remains one of the most famous critics of Rawls’s liberal theory of justice.
2. Both are fundamentally committed to individual liberty. But as a libertarian, Nozick is opposed to compromising individual liberty to promote socio-economic equality and advocates a “minimal state” as the only sort that can be socially just.
3. Thus, for Nozick, any state, such as ours or one Rawls would favour, that is “more extensive” than a minimal state and redistributes wealth by taxing those who are relatively well off to benefit the disadvantaged necessarily “violates people’s rights”.

Hence, Robert Nozick believes that justice requires equal access to advantages for all people.