Which size of cannula is used to administer intravenous fluid to newborn babies?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

KGMU Nursing Officer 2023 Memory-Based Previous Year Paper

Answer 1

Correct Answer: 24 gauge cannula

Rationale:

A 24-gauge cannula is the most appropriate size for administering intravenous fluids to newborn babies. This is because their veins are small and delicate, requiring a smaller gauge to avoid complications such as vein damage or infiltration.
The smaller diameter of a 24-gauge cannula allows for gentle insertion and minimizes trauma to the fragile veins of neonates. It also ensures that fluids and medications are delivered safely and effectively.
The flow rate of a 24-gauge cannula is slower compared to larger gauges, but this is sufficient for the hydration and medication needs of newborns, who generally require smaller fluid volumes.

Explanation of Other Options:

22 gauge cannula

Rationale: A 22-gauge cannula is slightly larger in diameter than a 24-gauge cannula. While it can be used in older children and adults with small veins, it is not ideal for newborns as it may cause vein irritation or difficulty with insertion.
The larger size increases the risk of complications, such as vein rupture, which is a concern in neonates with fragile vascular systems.

20 gauge cannula

Rationale: A 20-gauge cannula is commonly used in adults and older children for administering fluids and medications. However, it is too large for the small and delicate veins of newborns, making it unsuitable for neonatal use.
Using a 20-gauge cannula in a newborn can lead to complications such as infiltration, pain, and difficulty maintaining venous access.

18 gauge cannula

Rationale: An 18-gauge cannula is primarily used for rapid fluid resuscitation in adults and older children during emergencies. It is significantly larger and completely inappropriate for neonatal veins.
Inserting an 18-gauge cannula in a newborn is not feasible due to their extremely small vein size and the potential for severe trauma.

Conclusion:

The 24-gauge cannula is the most suitable size for administering intravenous fluids to newborn babies. It ensures safe and effective delivery of fluids and medications while minimizing the risk of complications associated with larger cannula sizes.
Other options, such as 22, 20, and 18-gauge cannulas, are not appropriate for neonates due to their larger sizes, which can cause significant harm to the fragile veins of newborns.