In South Indian temple architecture, what is the name of the stepped or pyramidal structure built above the sanctum?

The correct answer is Vimana.

Key Points

• In South Indian temple architecture, the term Vimana refers to the pyramidal or stepped structure built directly above the sanctum (garbhagriha).
• The Vimana is often elaborately decorated with intricate carvings, sculptures, and ornamental details, showcasing the artistic skill of ancient Indian craftsmen.
• This feature is a distinguishing aspect of Dravidian temple architecture, commonly seen in temples of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala.
• The Vimana serves not only as an architectural feature but also as a symbolic representation of the sacred Mount Meru, believed to be the center of the universe in Hindu cosmology.
• Famous examples of Vimanas can be seen in temples like the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur and the Meenakshi Temple in Madurai.

Additional Information

• Adhisthana:
  • The Adhisthana is the base or platform on which the temple structure is built. It provides stability and often contains ornamental moldings.
• Jagati:
  • The Jagati refers to a raised platform that surrounds the temple, often used for circumambulation (pradakshina) by devotees.
• Mandapa:
  • A Mandapa is a pillared hall or pavilion in a temple, used for congregational purposes, rituals, and ceremonies. It is often located in front of the sanctum.
• South Indian Temple Architecture:
  • South Indian temples are primarily built in the Dravidian architectural style, characterized by towering gopurams (gateway towers), Vimanas, and intricate carvings.
  • The temple layout often includes key components like the Garbhagriha (sanctum), Vimana, Mandapa, and Prakara (enclosure walls).