What is the role of ribosomes of a polysome?

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SSC CGL 2022 Tier-I Official Paper (Held On : 09 Dec 2022 Shift 4)
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  1. The ribosomes synthesise the fats
  2. The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.
  3. The ribosomes of a polysome translate the rRNA into proteins.
  4. The ribosomes of a monosome translate the rRNA into proteins.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins.

Key Points

  • Ribosomes of a Polysome 
    • The cellular organelles known as ribosomes are made up of proteins and rRNA.
    • Before they bind to mRNA, they are present free in the cytoplasm.
    • Multiple ribosomes that are joined to the mRNA and contain developing polypeptide chains are known as polysomes.
    • polysome is made up of all the ribosomes that translate a single mRNA into many polypeptides (Proteins) at once.
    • The coding portion of mRNA, which is transported by multiple ribosomes, forms a polysome.
    • The presence of so much mRNA in cells is due to the ability of multiple ribosomes to participate in an mRNA's function.

Additional Information

  • Prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and membrane-bound polrsomes all have different structures of multiple ribosomes also known as polyribosomes.
  • Bacterial polysomes are found in double-row formations in prokaryotic cells, and ribosomes are in touch with one another within smaller subunits.
  • Planar double row polysomes and densely packed 3D helices, which are similar to that of prokaryotic polysomes, are also present in eukaryotic cells.
  • Polysomal profiling is a method for determining the level of gene expression by monitoring polysome activity. 
  • Translation is stopped using polysomal profiling, and sucrose gradient is then used to separate the resultant cells so that they may be collected by centrifugation.
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