Which of the following is the correct syntax of an if statement in C?

Explanation:

If Statement in C

Definition: The `if` statement is a fundamental control structure in the C programming language. It is used to evaluate a condition and execute a block of code if the condition is true. If the condition evaluates to false, the code block inside the `if` statement is skipped.

Correct Syntax: The correct syntax for an `if` statement in C is:

if (condition) { statement; }

Here:

• Condition: This is an expression that evaluates to either `true` (non-zero value) or `false` (zero value).
• Statement: This is the block of code that will execute if the condition evaluates to `true`. It can be a single statement or multiple statements enclosed in curly braces `{ }`.

Working Principle: The `if` statement in C works as follows:

1. The condition inside the parentheses `( )` is evaluated.
2. If the condition is `true` (non-zero value), the code inside the curly braces `{ }` is executed.
3. If the condition is `false` (zero value), the code inside the curly braces `{ }` is skipped, and the program continues with the next statement after the `if` block.

Example:

#include 

int main() {
    int number = 5;

    / If statement to check if the number is greater than 0
    if (number > 0) {
        printf("The number is positive.\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

In this example:

• The condition number > 0 is evaluated.
• Since `number` is 5 (which is greater than 0), the condition is `true`, and the statement printf("The number is positive.\n"); is executed.
   

Correct Option Analysis:

The correct option is:

Option 2: if (condition) { statement; }

This option correctly represents the syntax of an `if` statement in C. The condition is enclosed in parentheses `( )`, and the statement(s) to be executed if the condition is true are enclosed in curly braces `{ }`. This syntax adheres to the rules of the C programming language and is universally recognized as the standard format for `if` statements