Which of the following soil types is also known as 'Usara Soils'?

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OSSC TGT Official Paper (Held On: 11 Mar, 2023 Shift 3)
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  1. Saline Soils
  2. Laterite Soils
  3. Red Soils
  4. Regur Soils

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Saline Soils
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Saline Soils.

Key Points

  • Saline soils are also known as 'Usara soils' in India.
  • These soils contain a high amount of soluble salts, primarily sodium chloride and other chlorides and sulfates.
  • Saline soils are typically found in arid and semi-arid regions where evaporation exceeds precipitation.
  • These soils are characterized by white crusts on the surface due to salt accumulation.

Important Points

  • Saline soils require special management practices such as leaching, gypsum application, and proper irrigation to improve their fertility and productivity.
  • The presence of excessive salts in saline soils can adversely affect plant growth by causing osmotic stress and nutrient imbalances.
  • Saline soils are often found in regions with poor drainage and high water table levels.
  • Reclamation of saline soils involves the removal of excess salts through improved drainage and soil amendments.

Additional Information

  • Laterite Soils
    • Laterite soils are rich in iron and aluminum, formed in hot and wet tropical areas.
    • They are typically red or yellow in color and are used for building material due to their hardness when dried.
  • Red Soils
    • Red soils are formed from the weathering of ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
    • They contain high iron oxide content, giving them a reddish color.
    • These soils are found in regions with a warm, temperate, and moist climate.
  • Regur Soils
    • Also known as Black Cotton Soils, regur soils are derived from volcanic rocks and are known for their high fertility.
    • They are particularly suitable for growing cotton and are found in the Deccan Plateau region of India
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