Which of the following statements is true about entropy?

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SSC JE Mechanical 16 Nov 2022 Shift 2 Official Paper
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  1. All adiabatic processes are isentropic processes.
  2. Entropy of an isolated system may increase or decrease according to the value of internal irreversibility.
  3. Entropy of the universe always increases for all practical processes. 
  4. Entropy of a system is intrinsic property. 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Entropy of the universe always increases for all practical processes. 
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Detailed Solution

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Explanation:
The universe is formed by the system and surroundings and is considered as an isolated system.

\(d{S_{univ}} \ge 0\) or \(d{S_{sys}} + d{S_{surr}} \ge 0\)

  • The energy of the universe is constant. (First law of Thermodynamics)
  • The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum. (Second law of Thermodynamics)
  • The entropy increase of an isolated system is a measure of the extent of the irreversibility of the process undergone by the system.
  • In actual practice the reversible isentropic process never really occurs, it is only an ideal process. In actual practice whenever there is a change in the state of the system the entropy of the system increases. The entropy of the universe increases because energy never flows uphill spontaneously.
  • If in any process, the entropy of the universe decreases, then the process will be impossible process, so for any process which exists (practical processes), the entropy of the universe is always increasing.
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