________ Fundamental Duties were added in Part-IV-A of the Constitution under Article 51-A in the year 1976 through the 42^nd Constitutional Amendment.

Key Points

• Ten Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution of India in Part-IV-A under Article 51-A in the year 1976 through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment.
• These duties are intended to serve as a constant reminder to every citizen that while enjoying their rights, they also have obligations towards their country, society, and fellow citizens.
• The Fundamental Duties include respecting the national symbols, cherishing the noble ideals of the freedom struggle, and upholding and protecting the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
• Other duties encompass promoting harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood, protecting the environment, and striving towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activities.

Additional Information

• The 42nd Amendment Act, also known as the "Mini-Constitution," brought several other significant changes to the Indian Constitution.
• It attempted to reduce the power of the judiciary and increase the power of the central government.
• The Fundamental Duties were borrowed from the Constitution of the former Soviet Union and were intended to inculcate a sense of discipline and commitment among citizens.
• Initially, there were ten Fundamental Duties listed in Article 51-A, but an eleventh duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment in 2002.
• The eleventh duty is to provide opportunities for education to children between the ages of six and fourteen years.